PINGTUNG – ENVIRONMENT & NATURE

台灣 / 屏東縣 – 環境 及 自然

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Location of the Island of Taiwan in East Asia
( ontheworldmap.com )

The Island of Taiwan
& Penghu, Kinmen & Matsu Islands
Also shown are:
Green Island ( Lu Dao ) & Orchid Island ( Lan Yu )
( cia.gov )

Location of Pingtung on the Island of Taiwan
( wikipedia.org )

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Links to individual topics for PINGTUNG – ENVIRONMENT & NATURE

are presented on this site in the following categories :

ENVIRONMENT & NATURE – 環境 及 自然

BIODIVERSITY – 生命多樣性 … BIRDS – 鳥類 … FISH – 魚類 … FORESTS – 森林 … GEOLOGY – 地質 … HIKING – 徒步 … ISLANDS – 島嶼 … LAKES – 湖泊 … MARINE LIFE – 海洋生物 … MOUNTAINS – 山 … NATURE – 自然 … PARKS – 公園 … RIVERS – 河流

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For links to Environment & Nature of Pingtung . . . . .

. . . . . please scroll down through this page.

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PINGTUNG – 台灣 / 屏東縣

ENVIRONMENT & NATURE

環 境 及 自 然

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BIODIVERSITY – 生命多樣性

Endemic crab species found on the
Alangyi Historic Trail (阿塱壹古道). Pingtung
( endangeredspeciesinternational.org )

  • Biodiversity in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中生命多樣性的角色

  • Pingtung is one of Taiwan’s richest regions in terms of natural habitats & species diversity. There is a varied landscape in Pingtung, including mountains, coastal plains, wetlands, coral reefs & tropical forests. The diversity of habitats supports an abundant variety of flora & fauna. Much is unique to Taiwan or the region.

  • Pingtung’s mountainous areas include the Central Mountain Range & Kenting National Park which are rich in broadleaf & coniferous forests. Common tree species include Taiwan red cypress, camphor, banyan, palm species & many endemic orchids and ferns. The coastal areas contain extensive mangrove forests especially around the Gaoping River estuary & Donggang. Elsewhere along the shoreline there are coastal grasses, salt marsh plants & seagrasses in coral reef areas. In areas that have been cleared for agriculture, tropical fruits such as pineapples, bananas & lychees are widely grown. Paddy fields & vegetable farms also provide habitat for some species.

  • Over 300 bird species have been recorded in Pingtung, including: (i.) Black-faced Spoonbill, Egrets, Kingfishers & Bee-eaters in wetlands & coastal areas; and (ii.) Forest birds like the Taiwan Blue Magpie, Formosan Laughingthrush & Swinhoe’s Pheasant in mountainous zones.

  • Native mammals include: Formosan macaque, civets, pangolins & various bat species as well as small mammals such as squirrels & rodents. Diverse reptiles include tree lizards, snakes (some venomous) & turtles. Amphibians such as various frog species inhabit forest streams & wetlands. Marine Life including
    Coral Reefs along the Kenting National Park shoreline support colorful fish, sea turtles & invertebrates. Coastal waters are rich in fish, crustaceans & mollusks.

  • inaturalist.org – Photos of plant and animal species of Pingtung @ iNaturalist . org (an online social network of people sharing biodiversity information to help each other learn about nature)
  • astrosafe.co – Biodiversity in Pingtung @ Astrosafe . co (Pingtung facts for kids)

  • picturethisai.com – Top 20 Most Common Flowering Plants in Pingtung @ PIcture this AI . com (plant identifier for flowers, leaves, trees, herbs & more)
  • travelking.com.tw – Sheding Nature Park @ Travel King website
  • taiwan.nps.gov.tw – National Parks of Taiwan @ National Park Service website (Ministry of the Interior, Republic of China on the Island of Taiwan)

  • forest.gov.tw – Ecological Taiwan @ Nature & Conservation Agency website (Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of China on the Island of Taiwan)
  • npust.edu.tw – Biodiversity @ National Pingtung University of Science & Technology website
  • taiwan.net.tw – National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium in Pingtung @ Tourism Administration website (Ministry of Transportation & Communications, Republic of China on the Island of Taiwan)

  • widerimage.reuters.com – “Tawan plant hunters race to collect rare species before they are gone” @ Reuters “Wider Image” website (Reuters in-depth visual storytelling)
  • nspp.mofa.gov.tw – “Safeguarding Taiwan’s Biodiversity: Multidisciplinary Solutions” @ New Southbound Policy Portal (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China on the Island of Taiwan)
  • taiwan-panorama.com – “Safeguarding Taiwan’s Biodiversity” @ Taiwan Panorama e-zine

  • tripadvisor.com – Kenting National Park @ Trip Advisor . com
  • loccitane.com – “Building sustainable forest restoration and preserving biodiversity in Taiwan” @ L’OCCITANE Foundation
  • taiwan-panorama.com – “You Should Treat Me Like an Animal! The Pingtung Wildlife Rescue Center” @ Taiwan Panorama e-zine

  • EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

  • scholar.google.com – Biodiversity in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中生命多樣性的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Biodiversity in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中生命多樣性的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Biodiversity in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中生命多樣性的角色 @ Google Images

BIRDS – 鳥 類

Blue-breasted Quail habitat in pineapple fields.
Pingtung
( birdingaroundtaiwan.com )

  • Birds in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中鳥類的角色

  • Pingtung is one of Taiwan’s top birding destinations and it offers a rich variety of habitats that attract bird species from coastal wetlands & mangroves to forests & agricultural fields.

  • Kenting National Park (墾丁國家公園) is Taiwan’s first national park and supports diverse habitats including forests, coastal cliffs & grasslands. The park is home to forest birds like the Taiwan Blue Magpie, Taiwan Barbet & Black-naped Monarch. Kenting is also a good place to spot raptors, including the Crested Serpent Eagle. Birding in the park is rewarding year-around but spring & autumn migration periods are particularly worthwhile.

  • Gaoping River Estuary (高屏溪口) offers a critical stopover for migratory shorebirds & waterfowl. Species like the Black-faced Spoonbill, Eurasian Oystercatcher & various sandpipers frequent this area. There are extensive mudflats & mangroves which provide excellent birdwatching opportunities. The best time to view birds is during the autumn & winter migration (October to March).

  • Donggang Mangrove Forest (東港紅樹林) supports a dense mangrove habitat with specialized birds such as the Mangrove Whistler & Collared Kingfisher. The Mangroves also attracts migratory shorebirds & egrets.

  • Chaozhou and Fangliao Wetlands are important for waterbirds including herons, egrets & ducks. Birdwatchers can observe species feeding & nesting in these rich wetland ecosystems.

  • EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

  • scholar.google.com – Birds in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中鳥類的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Birds in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中鳥類的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Birds in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中鳥類的角色 @ Google Images

FISH – 魚 類

Ancient stone fishing weir. Penghu. (smithsonianmag.com)

  • Fish in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中魚類的角色

  • There is good coastal and marine fishing along Pingtung’s extensive coastline, including in the vicinity of popular fishing ports like Donggang (東港), Fangliao (枋寮), and Kenting (墾丁). Boats harvest species such as tuna, mackerel, sardines, and grouper. Traditional smaller scale fishing with nets, traps, and line fishing harvests species like mullet, milkfish, and various reef fish. Coastal fish farms raise milkfish, shrimp, and oysters in ponds and cages.

  • Inland fishing on the Gaoping River (高屏溪), Donggang River (東港溪), and smaller streams.seel freshwater fish like carp, catfish, and tilapia. Some rivers and reservoirs allow fishing for leisure. Local fishing clubs and events promote sustainable fishing practices.

  • Fishing Ports and Markets: (i) Donggang Fishing Port is one of Taiwan’s busiest fishing ports and is famous for its fresh seafood and fish auctions. Visitors can enjoy seafood restaurants and markets featuring locally caught fish and shellfish; (ii) Fangliao and Other Ports offer smaller fishing harbors whih support local fishermen and seafood sales. In towns and cities across Pingtung, fresh seafood markets offer daily catches.

  • Overfishing concerns in some coastal areas have led to regulations on catch sizes and fishing seasons. Efforts enthusiastically promote sustainable aquaculture and reduce pollution from coastal development. Conservation of coral reefs and mangroves is important as they serve as fish nurseries.

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  • scholar.google.com – Fishing in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中魚類的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Fishing in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中魚類的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Fishing in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中魚類的角色 @ Google Images

FORESTS – 森 林

Forest on Mt. Weiliao (尾寮山). Pingtung
( thenewslens.com )

  • Forests in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中森林的角色

  • Pingtung has extensive forested areas, especially in the Central Mountain Range and Kenting National Park. Forest types range from lowland tropical rainforests to montane broadleaf and mixed coniferous forests at higher elevations. Common tree species include Taiwan red cypress (Chamaecyparis formosensis), camphor trees, banyan, ficus, and various palms and bamboo species. Dense mangrove forests thrive along coastal estuaries and tidal flats, such as the Gaoping River estuary and Donggang area, dense mangrove forests thrive. Mangroves like “Kandelia obovata” and “Avicennia marina” provide important ecological functions.

  • Pingtung’s forests support a rich variety of plants and animals, including many endemic and endangered species such as the Formosan black bear, Taiwan blue magpie, and various rare orchids. The forests serve as crucial habitats for mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects. Forests in mountainous areas regulate water flow, prevent soil erosion, and maintain water quality for downstream agricultural areas and human settlements. They also act as significant carbon sinks, helping mitigate climate change.

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  • scholar.google.com – Forests in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中森林的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Forests in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中森林的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Forests in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中森林的角色 @ Google Images

GEOLOGY – 地 質

Central Geological Survey of Taiwan
( moeacgs.gov.tw )

  • Geology in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中地質的角色

  • Pingtung County exhibits diverse geological features shaped by tectonic activity, sedimentation, and coastal processes. The geologic setting places Pingtung in part of the Taiwan orogenic belt. Pingtung lies at the convergence zone where the Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate collide. This tectonic activity has created complex landforms including mountains, plains, and coastal terraces.

  • The principal Geological Units in Pingtung are: (i) Central Mountain Range foothills. Eastern Pingtung features metamorphic and sedimentary rocks uplifted by tectonic forces. Includes shale, sandstone, and slate formations dating from the Paleozoic to Mesozoic eras; (ii) Pingtung Plain: A broad alluvial plain formed by sediment deposits from rivers such as the Gaoping River. Composed mainly of quaternary sediments: sand, silt, and clay layers. Fertile soils support extensive agriculture; (iii) Coastal and Marine Deposits. Coastal areas have layers of beach sand, mudflats, and marine terraces. These deposits result from fluctuating sea levels and sediment accumulation over time.

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  • scholar.google.com – Geology of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中地質的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Geology of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中地質的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Geology of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中地質的角色 @ Google Images

  • Mineral Resources of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中礦產資源的角色

  • Most mineral extraction in Pingtung focuses on non-metallic minerals such as sand, gravel, and clay rather than metallic ores. Small-scale quarrying activities provide materials for local use. Mining and quarrying operations are regulated to minimize impacts such as land degradation, sedimentation, and water pollution.
    Efforts to restore and rehabilitate mined areas are ongoing. Mineral resources support local industries in construction, ceramics, and manufacturing.
    Sustainable management ensures continued availability for regional development.

  • Abundant deposits of sand, gravel, and crushed stone are found in Pingtung in riverbeds and alluvial plains, especially near the Gaoping River. These materials are extensively used for construction and infrastructure projects. Deposits of clay minerals used in ceramics and bricks occur in sedimentary basins and coastal plains. Limited occurrences of limestone in the mountainous areas, utilized for cement production and construction.

  • _____ – Mineral Resources in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中礦產資源的角色

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  • scholar.google.com – Mineral Resources in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中礦產資源的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Mineral Resources in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中礦產資源的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Mineral Resources in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中礦產資源的角色 @ Google Images

  • Hot Springs in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中溫泉的角色

  • Hot springs in Pingtung attract tourists seeking wellness, relaxation, and scenic mountain views. Local resorts offer spa treatments, hot spring baths, and wellness programs. Facilities range from rustic public pools to modern resorts. The springs are typically alkaline or sulfate-rich, depending on the geothermal source. They are located mostly in mountainous or hilly areas with volcanic or tectonic activity.

  • Wushih Hot Springs (五峰溫泉) are located near the town of Wutai (霧臺鄉), in the mountainous eastern part of Pingtung. The springs are situated in a forested, tranquil mountain environment, ideal for relaxation and nature appreciation. These natural hot springs are rich in minerals like sulfur and sodium bicarbonate. The water is believed to have therapeutic properties, beneficial for skin and muscle relaxation.

  • Chihpen Hot Springs (知本溫泉) – Although primarily in Taitung County, Chihpen is close enough to eastern Pingtung for visitors to Pingtung to consider it accessible. Chihpen is famous for its alkaline waters and developed spa resorts.

  • Baolai Hot Spring area

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  • scholar.google.com – Hot springs in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中溫泉的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Hot springs in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中溫泉的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Hot springs in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中溫泉的角色 @ Google Images

  • Volcano in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中火山的角色

  • The Wandan Mud Volcano in Pingtung County, Taiwan, is a highly active, non-magmatic volcano located in Wandan Township, particularly near Wannei Village and Huangyuan Temple. It erupts 1-3 times annually, releasing methane gas, hot mud, and flames, often affecting local farmland. These eruptions typically occur near the junction of Wandan and Xinyuan townships

  • _____ – Volcano in the culture of PIngtung – 屏東縣文化中火山的角色

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  • scholar.google.com – Volcano in the culture of PIngtung – 屏東縣文化中火山的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Volcano in the culture of PIngtung – 屏東縣文化中火山的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Volcano in the culture of PIngtung – 屏東縣文化中火山的角色 @ Google Images

HIKING – 徒 步

Hiking the Alangyi Historic Trail
along the Pacific Ocean in Pingtung
( taiwan-scene.com )

  • Hiking in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中徒步的角色

  • Sheding Nature Trail: An easy 1.6-mile walk through an uplifted coral reef with narrow canyons and caves.

  • Eluanbi Lighthouse Trail: A flat, paved 1-mile path at Taiwan’s southernmost point, offering views of the Pacific and the Bashi Channel.

  • Kenting National Park: Known for its unique tropical landscapes and ocean views.

  • Mount Dashanmu: A moderate 2.2-mile hike through banyan tree “tunnels” with a summit view of the iconic sharp peak, Dajianshan.

  • Shuangliu National Forest Recreation Area: A tranquil forest with multiple paths.

  • Shuangliu Waterfall Trail: A 3.7-mile out-and-back trail following a river to a large waterfall.

  • Maozishan Trail: The park’s most challenging route, ascending nearly 1,700 feet for a panoramic view of the entire recreation area.

  • Liangshan Recreational Area: Features a series of three waterfalls. The hike to the first is very easy (suitable for strollers), while the second and third require a moderate uphill climb.

  • Mount Lilong: One of Pingtung’s most popular hikes, taking roughly 5 hours to climb through forests filled with monkeys to a summit with spectacular coastal views.

  • Mount Weiliao: A difficult 10-mile trail known for its dense biodiversity and steep sections, often used as training for higher mountains.

  • Taimu Mountain. The southernmost of Taiwan’s “Big 100” peaks (3,092m). This 13.4-mile trek is usually done over two days, staying at the Kuaigu Lodge. It is famous for its “sea of clouds” and ancient 1,000-year-old red cedar trees. Permits are required for this hike.

  • Alangyi Historic Trail A historic coastal trail along the only section of Taiwan’s coastline without a highway. It offers rugged ocean scenery and requires a permit and a guide to enter.

  • taiwan-scene.com – Hiking the Alangyi Historic Trail – backgrounder @ Taiwan Scene Digital Magazine

  • Jinshuiying Historic Trail A 15-mile moderate trek that crosses the island from Pingtung to Taitung, used for centuries by indigenous groups and military forces. 

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  • scholar.google.com – Hiking in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中徒步的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Hiking in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中徒步的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Hiking in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中徒步的角色 @ Google Images

ISLANDS – 島 嶼

LIttle Liuqiu Island. Pingtung
( bradtguides.com )

  • Islands in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中島嶼的角色

  • The primary island administered by Pingtung County is “Xiaoliuqiu” (also known as Liuqiu Island or Lamay Islet). It is a coral reef island accessible by ferry about 13 km off the coast of Donggang Township. “Little Liuqiu” is known for its year-round warm climate, sea turtles & scenic spots.

  • XIAOLIUQIU ISLAND ( 小琉球)

  • EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

  • scholar.google.com – Islands in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中島嶼的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Islands in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中島嶼的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Islands in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中島嶼的角色 @ Google Images

LAKES – 湖 泊

Great Ghost Lake. Pingtung
The lake is regarded by the Lukai Tribe as a sacred place.
It is the deepest natural high mountain lake in Taiwan,
and difficult to reach due to the dangerous terrain.
The area of the lake has great biological diversity
and is considered to be an important habitat for wild animals.
( taiwannews.com.tw )

  • Lakes in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中湖泊的角色

  • Pingtung County is home to several significant bodies of water, ranging from natural ecological wetlands to the region’s largest man-made reservoirs: (i) 龍鑾潭 (Longluan Lake) is located within Kenting National Park and is the largest freshwater lake in Taiwan. The lake is a critical stop for migratory birds, and the Longluan Lake Nature Center offers telescopes and birdwatching exhibits for visitors; (ii) Mu-tan Reservoir is the largest reservoir in Pingtung County, formed by the Mudan Dam in Mudan Township. It provides a vital water supply for the Hengchun Peninsula and offers scenic views for travelers passing through the area; (iii) Nanren Lake is situated within the Nanren Mountain Ecological Reserve in Manzhou Township, this natural lake is part of a protected wetland ecosystem at an altitude of approximately 319 meters; (iv) Lover’s Lake is a smaller, scenic lake known for its clean water and peaceful atmosphere, often visited for relaxation or light recreation.

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  • scholar.google.com – Lakes in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中湖泊的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Lakes in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中湖泊的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Lakes in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中湖泊的角色 @ Google Images

MARINE LIFE – 海洋生物

The Taiwan Fisheries Agency has established
Marine Resource Conservation Zones
for sustainable management of marine life.
( fa.gov.tw )

  • Marine Life in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中海洋生物的角色

  • Pingtung is a important destination for opportunities to interact with marine life, anchored by the National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium (NMMBA). The area features vibrant coral reefs, tropical fish, and significant, accessible sea turtle populations, especially around Xiao Liuqiu. Key species include beluga whales, penguins, sharks, rays, and tropical reef fish.

  • _____ – Marine life in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中海洋生物的角色

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  • scholar.google.com – Marine life in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中海洋生物的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Marine life in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中海洋生物的角色 @ YouTube . com
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  • Aquatic Life in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中水生生物的角色

  • Aquatic life in Pingtung is prominently showcased at the National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium (NMMBA) in Checheng. This world-class facility features diverse ecosystems ranging from mountain streams to the open ocean. The aquarium is famous for its beluga whales and also houses penguins, seals, and puffins. Massive tanks feature whale sharks, sharks (including nurse
     and blacktip reef sharks, rays and groupers. Coral Reef Life exhibits display diverse species like lionfish, moray eels, unicornfish, butterflyfish, and garden eels. The NMMBA serves as a rehabilitation center for sea turtles, including green turtles which nest on local beaches. Native animals such as tilapia, Japanese eel, trout, cuttlefish, and Indo-Pacific tarpon are displayed in the “Waters of Taiwan” section.

  • _____ – Aquatic life in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中水生生物的角色

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MOUNTAINS – 山

Village of Wutai in the mountains of Pingtung County
( skyticket.com )

  • Mountains in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中山的角色

  • Pingtung’s eastern region is dominated by the rugged Central Mountain Range (中央山脈) which runs north to south down the central area of the Island of Taiwan. These mountains feature steep slopes, deep valleys & dense forests. The mountains in Pingtung reach elevations of over 3,000 meters, though the highest peaks are mostly in neighboring counties. The mountains support diverse ecosystems for subtropical forests & endemic wildlife. They are also home to indigenous communities such as the Paiwan & Rukai peoples whose rich cultural heritage is tied to the land. The mountains in Pingtung furnish important opportunities to engage in popular outdoor activities like hiking, birdwatching & eco-tourism.

  • tripadvisor.com – Mountains in Pingtung @ Trip Advisor . com
  • i-pingtung.com – Pingtung Official Travel Guide
  • taiwan.net.tw – PIngtung @ Taiwan Tourism Administration website
  • michaelturton.com – “In the Magical Mountains of Pingtung”, Part I @ Michael Turton blog
  • tripadvisor.co.nz – Mountains in Hengchun @ Trip Advisor website
  • taiwanese-secrets.com – The laid-back side of Kenting National Park @ Taiwanese Secrets blog
  • englishintaiwan.com – Jingbu Mountain Peak Day Hike in Pingtung @ English in Taiwan blog
  • samshiue.com – “The ideal Lesser Hundred Peaks: Liding Mountain, Majia, Pingtung” @ Samshiue blog
  • shelly8.net – Hiking in Danlin Tribe, Laiyi District, Pingtung [Danlin Hiking Trail][Lovers’ Bridge] @ Shelly8 blog

  • Mount Xiuguluan (秀姑巒山): While mostly in Hualien County, its southern foothills extend toward Pingtung.

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  • images.google.com – Mountains in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中山的角色 @ Google Images

  • Climbing in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中登山的角色

  • Pingtung is not as famous as northern or eastern Taiwan for large-scale rock climbing, but it offers some interesting spots, especially in the Kenting area & in the mountainous eastern regions. The Kenting Peninsula features limestone formations & coastal cliffs that provide opportunities for bouldering & sport climbing mainly at the intermediate level. Climbers are also attracted to outcrops of granite & sedimentary rocks in the foothills & river valleys. “Traditional Climbing” is limited, but some routes exist on natural features in more remote areas. “Bouldering” which are short climbs on large rocks or boulders, is popular in scenic natural areas. “Sport Climbing” using fixed anchors on limestone cliffs, is done often near Kenting or in foothill areas.

  • EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

  • scholar.google.com – Climbing in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中登山的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Climbing in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中登山的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Climbing in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中登山的角色 @ Google Images

NATURE – 自 然

Long Keng Ecological Reserve (屏東 墾丁龍坑生態保護區)
Pingtung. ( tripadvisor.com )

  • Nature in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中登自然的角色

  • The eastern part of Pingtung is dominated by the Central Mountain Range, with lush subtropical and tropical forests. These mountains harbor rich biodiversity, including endemic plants and wildlife. Pingtung has a long coastline along the Taiwan Strait and the Bashi Channel, featuring sandy beaches, rocky shores, and coral reefs. The Kenting Peninsula is famous for its scenic coastal landscapes, cliffs, and coral reef ecosystems. Coastal wetlands, especially around the Gaoping River estuary and Donggang area, support mangrove forests and diverse aquatic life.
    These wetlands are critical for migratory birds and marine nurseries.

  • Protected Areas include: (i) Kenting National Park which is Taiwan’s first national park and contains significant terrestrial and marine ecosystems; (ii) Gaoping River Estuary Wetlands which is a designated wetland area important for bird conservation and fish breeding.

  • Hengchun Peninsula (恆春半島) is the southernmost tip of Taiwan, located in Pingtung County. Known for its tropical climate, “eternal spring” weather, and stunning natural landscapes, it is home to Kenting National Park, Taiwan’s first national park. The peninsula is surrounded by three different bodies of water: the Taiwan Strait to the west, the Bashi Channel to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the east.

  • EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

  • Natural Scenic Areas in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中自然景觀區的角色

  • Pingtung County is a premier destination for natural scenery, featuring Kenting National Park (beaches, coral reefs, and coastal, Longpan Park grasslands), Xiaoliuqiu Island (rich marine life), and Shuangliu National Forest Recreation Area (waterfalls, forests). Other key spots include the rugged Alangyi Historic Trail, Wutai Village’s mountain landscapes, and the Maolin National Scenic Area, known for its, Purple Butterfly Valley and suspension bridges. 

  • Kenting National Park (墾丁國家公園) is Taiwan’s oldest and southernmost national park, located at the tip of the Hengchun Peninsula. Known for its tropical climate, white-sand beaches, and unique coral reef landscapes, it serves as the island’s premier beach holiday destination. Popular spots include Eluanbi Lighthouse, Longpan Park, Maobitou (Cat Head Rock), and Chuanfan Rock.

  • Gaoping River Estuary Wetlands (高屏溪口濕地) primarily known as the Dashu Old Railway Bridge Wetland Park (or Gaoping River Old Iron Bridge Wetland Park) was once a heavily polluted swamp, but has been transformed into a multi-functional constructed wetland that now serves as a vital habitat for wildlife and a popular site for eco-tourism.

  • Donggang Mangrove Forest” typically refers to the Mangrove Wetland Restoration Park in Donggang Township in Pingtung. This ecological site is the southernmost mangrove habitat in Taiwan and is situated on the western side of the Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area. The park is dedicated to regenerating mangrove ecosystems and purifying local water through natural filtration. The park features walking trails and is a popular stop along local bike paths. Visitors can observe the unique root systems of several mangrove species, including Avicennia marina (Black Mangrove) which serves as a vital habitat for various bird species, crabs, and fish. The park uses “turbidity currents” to direct community and aquaculture waste into the forest, where plants absorb nutrients, effectively cleaning the water before it reaches the bay. Visitors often combine a trip to the mangroves with a visit to the Hua Qiao Market for fresh seafood (especially bluefin tuna) or the Donglong Temple.

  • Maolin National Scenic Area (茂林國家風景區) is a significant ecological and cultural destination known for its wintering Purple Crow Butterflies (Dec–Feb), deep river gorges, and indigenous Rukai culture. Located across Kaohsiung and Pingtung, it offers hiking, hot springs, unique slate houses, and the dramatic Duona Suspension Bridge.

  • Maolin Purple Butterfly Valley (紫蝶幽谷) is located within the Maolin National Scenic Area. It is one of the world’s only two massive overwintering butterfly sites (the other being the Monarch butterfly site in Mexico). Every winter, over a million Purple Crow butterflies migrate to these warm, sheltered valleys in southern Taiwan to escape the cold. The Butterfly Valley is technically within the boundaries of Kaohsiung, but is very close to Pingtung County.
  • https://lifeoftaiwan.com – Maolin Purple Butterfly Valley
  • https://entomologytoday.org – Maolin Purple Butterfly Valley
  • https://www.maolin-nsa.gov.tw – Maolin Purple Butterfly Valley

  • Sandimen & Wutai Indigenous Scenic Areas (三地門、霧台) are breathtaking indigenous scenic areas within the Maolin National Scenic Area, renowned for Rukai and Paiwan culture, slate houses, and mountain scenery. Visitors can explore traditional crafts, the Shenshan Waterfall, and enjoy mountain views, with a required entry permit for Wutai village.

  • Fangliao Coastal Scenic Area (枋寮海岸風景區) is centered round the Fangliao Fishing Port in Pingtung. It offers a relaxed,, rustic seaside experience known for its “hometown of fish and fruit” reputation. Key attractions include the Fangliao Railway Art Village, harbor views with local seafood, and easy access to the scenic South Link Line railway. It serves as a tranquil, artistic stopover in southern Taiwan

  • Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area (大鵬灣國家風景區)

  • Shuangliu Forest Recreation Area (雙流森林遊樂區)
  • _____ – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Pingtung

  • Liuqiu Island (小琉球 / 琉球嶼)
  • _____ – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Pingtung

  • Mudan and Wutai Townships are mountainous areas inhabited by Paiwan and Rukai indigenous communities.

  • EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

  • scholar.google.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中自然景觀區的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中自然景觀區的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中自然景觀區的角色 @ Google Images

  • Dapeng Bay – 大鵬灣

  • Kenting National Park – 墾丁國家公園

  • Environment of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中環境的角色

  • Pingtung stretches from the Central Mountain Range in the east to the coastal plains and beaches along the western and southern coasts. Diverse ecosystems include tropical forests, wetlands, mangroves, coral reefs, and agricultural lands.

  • Challenges to the environment of Pingtung are centered around urbanization and Land Use Change. Expansion of cities, agriculture, and tourism infrastructure leads to habitat loss and fragmentation. Coastal development affects wetlands and mangroves. Agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, and sewage can degrade water quality in rivers and coastal areas. Marine pollution threatens coral reefs and marine life. Rising temperatures and sea levels affect coastal ecosystems and coral reefs.
    Increased frequency of typhoons causes soil erosion and habitat disturbance.

  • EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

  • scholar.google.com – Environment in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中環境的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Environment in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中環境的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Environment in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中環境的角色 @ Google Images

  • Ecology of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中生態的角色

  • Ecosystems of Pingtung fall into four general categories: (i.) Tropical and Subtropical Forests. The eastern mountainous regions of Pingtung, part of the Central Mountain Range, are covered with dense forests. These forests support diverse flora such as camphor trees, banyans, ferns, orchids, and various palms. Provide habitat for mammals (e.g., Formosan macaques), birds, amphibians, and insects; (ii.) Wetlands and Mangrove Forests. Coastal wetlands and estuaries, especially near the Gaoping River estuary, support mangrove forests dominated by species like Kandelia obovata and Avicennia marina. These wetlands serve as nurseries for fish and crustaceans and are vital stopovers for migratory birds; (iii.) Coral Reef Ecosystems. Along the Kenting coast, coral reefs harbor a rich diversity of marine life including reef fish, sea turtles, and invertebrates. Coral reefs provide essential ecological functions such as habitat formation, coastal protection, and nutrient cycling; (iv.) Agricultural and Urban Landscapes. Paddy fields, orchards, and urban green spaces host secondary ecosystems with pollinators, birds, and small mammals adapted to human-altered environments.

  • Ecological Challenges include: (i) Habitat fragmentation from agriculture and urbanization affects species movement and genetic diversity; (ii) Pollution and sedimentation impact aquatic and marine ecosystems; and (iii) Climate change leads to shifts in species distribution and increased stress on coral reefs and forests.

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  • scholar.google.com – Ecology in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中生態的角色@ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Ecology in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中生態的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Ecology in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中生態的角色 @ Google Images

  • Conservation in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中自然保育的角色

  • Conservation efforts in Pingtung focus on preserving biodiversity through protected areas, wildlife restoration & community-based eco-tourism. Key initiatives include: (i) the rehabilitation of Formosan sika deer in Sheding Natural Park; (ii) protecting the endangered Eastern Grass Owl; and (iii) managing water-source conservation in the Gaoping River watershed.

  • Kenting National Park in Pingtung also plays an important role in conserving diverse terrestrial & marine ecosystems including tropical forests, coral reefs, wetlands & coastal areas. The park’s management focuses on habitat preservation, endangered species protection & environmental education.

  • Gaoping River Estuary Wetlands have been designated as important wetlands to conserve critical habitats for migratory birds & aquatic species. There are ongoing efforts to maintain water quality & restore natural vegetation within the wetlands site.

  • kbcc.org.tw – Koo Botanic Conservation Center – website. (KBCC is a non-governmental organization for tropical plant conservation in Taiwan. The present goal is to collect 40,000 different taxa & become the largest shelter of tropical plants on earth by 2027. The ultimate aim is to reintroduce plants back to the wild environment. Currently KBCC also houses 32 species of threatened birds and 29 species of threatened turtles & tortoises.)
  • arbnet.org – Koo Botanic Conservation Center @ Morton Arboretum website

  • abcnews.go.com – “Taiwan’s race to save endangered plant species” @ ABC News website
  • taiwanreview.nat.gov.tw – Taiwan plant conservation efforts at the Koo Botanic Conservation Center @ Taiwan Review e-zine

  • nps.gov.tw – “Walking at Taiwan’s southernmost point – Longkeng Ecological Protected Area” @ National Park Service of Taiwan
  • taiwan-panorama.com – “Alangyi Historic Trail:The Battle for Conservation” @ Taiwan Panorama e-zine
  • vr-kenting.com – “Kenting’s Eco-Warriors: How Children Are Leading the Charge in Marine Conservation” @ VR 360 Kenting Taiwan website

  • taiwantoday.tw – “Wild at Heart” @ Taiwan Today e-zine
  • tufts.edu – “Where the Wild Things Survive – Veterinary students work on the frontlines of species preservation” @ Tufts University (adorable photos of Pangolins)
  • lib.msu.edu – “Asserting sovereignty through strategic accommodation : the Rukai people & collaborative conservation in Pingtung, Taiwan” @ MIchigan State University Library digital repository

  • panorama.solutions – Solutions connected with the Pingtung Branch, Forestry & Nature Conservation Agency @ Panorama (A global community of changemakers sharing solutions for a healthy planet)
  • npust.edu.tw – NPUST Outdoor Classroom for Soil and Water Conservation Moves to the Park @ National Pingtung University of Science & Technology website
  • taiwanreview.nat.gov.tw – “The Taiwan Biodiversity Awards show growing public & corporate awareness of ecological conservation” @ Taiwan Today e-zine

  • zslpublications.wiley.com – “The role of sanctuaries in integrated conservation: the Endangered Asian Species Trust linking Monkey World – Ape Rescue, UK and Pingtung Rescue Centre, Taiwan, with the Dao Tien Endangered Primate Species Centre in Vietnam” @ International Zoo Yearbook ( Zoological Society of London website)
  • npust.edu.tw – Soil and Water Conservation Education Carnival held at Pingtung Civic Park @ National Pingtung University of Science & Technology website
  • nih.gov – “Conservation of groundwater from over-exploitation – Scientific analyses for groundwater resources management” @ Science of the Total Environment Journal (sciencedirect.com)

  • taiwan-panorama.com – “You Should Treat Me Like an Animal! The Pingtung Wildlife Rescue Center” @ Taiwan Panorama e-zine
  • ardswc.gov.tw – “Agricultural technology experts from Thailand visited Tianpu & Longxing Communities to share experiences in soil & water conservation & rural regeneration” @ Agency of Rural Development & Soil and Water Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of China on the Island of Taiwan)
  • adata.com – “ADATA Launches Global Sustainability Initiative to Advocate for Species Conservation” @ ADATA Technology Company website

  • focustaiwan.tw – “Pingtung to implement conservation fee for Liuqiu Island intertidal zones” @ Focus Taiwan (The National News Agency of the Republic of China on the Island of Taiwan)
  • taiwannews.com.tw – “Taiwan’s Xiao Liuqiu to charge tourists conservation fees” @ Taiwan News website
  • renewablesroadmap.iclei.org – “Breaking New Ground: Reclamining Non-arable land for energy from solar photovoltaics” @ 100% Renewables Cities & Regions Roadmap Project @ ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability website. (Formerly: International Council of Local Environmental Initiatives). A global network of governments committed to sustainable urban development.

  • EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

  • scholar.google.com – Conservation in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中自然保育的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Conservation in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中自然保育的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Conservation in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中自然保育的角色 @ Google Images

PARKS – 公 園

Kenting National Park. Pingtung
( klook.com )

  • Parks in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中公園的角色

  • PIngtung offers a diverse range of parks, from the tropical coastlines of Taiwan’s first national park to modern urban green spaces repurposed from industrial sites.

  • tripadvisor.com – National Parks in Pingtung @ Trip Advisor . com
  • wikipedia.org – Pingtung County – 屏東縣 @ Wikipedia . org
  • americantesol.com – Discover Pingtung’s Parks, Aquariums, Beaches, and Fun @ American @ American TESOL Institute blog

  • Kenting National Park (墾丁國家公園) is Taiwan’s oldest national park, and is located on the southern tip of the Island of Taiwan. The park offers a mix of tropical forests, coral reefs, beaches, and unique geological formations. Popular activities include hiking, snorkeling, wildlife watching & beach relaxation.

  • ktnp.gov.tw – Kenting National Park – 墾丁國家公園 @ Taiwan National Park Service website
  • foreignersintaiwan.com – Kenting National Park – 墾丁國家公園 @ Foreigners in Taiwan blog

  • wikipedia.org – Kenting National Park – 墾丁國家公園 @ Wikipedia . org (English)
  • zh.wikipedia.org – Kenting National Park – 墾丁國家公園 @ Wikipedia . org (Chinese)

  • taiwan.net.tw – Kenting National Park @ Tourism Administration of the Republic of China on the Island of Taiwan website
  • taiwanese-secrets.com – The laid-back side of Kenting National Park @ Taiwanese Secrets blog

  • Maolin National Scenic Area (茂林國家風景區) furnishes the opportunity to experience mountainous areas covered with rich forests. Several indigenous villages are located within the boundary of the National Scenic Area. These afford the opportunity for cultural experiences with Paiwan & Rukai indigenous communities. The Maolin NSA is known for butterfly migrations, waterfalls & hiking trails.

  • _____ – Maolin National Scenic Area (茂林國家風景區) in the culture of Pingtung

  • Gaoping River Estuary Wetland Park (高屏溪口濕地公園) is a wetland park focused on preserving migratory bird habitats & aquatic ecosystems. The park features birdwatching platforms & walking trails.

  • _____ – Gaoping River Estuary Wetland Park (高屏溪口濕地公園) in the culture of Pingtung

  • Sheding Nature Park (社頂自然公園) is an ecological reserve located in Hengchun Township within the Kenting National Park. It is famous for its unique geological formations of uplifted coral reefs, limestone caves & diverse wildlife, including Formosan sika deer & butterflies.

  • Shuangliu Forest Recreation Area (雙流國家森林遊樂區) is a tropical monsoon forest famous for its dramatic waterfalls & unique biodiversity. It offers clear streams where the Fenggang & Neiwen Rivers converge, that creates a lush environment ideal for “forest bathing” & butterfly watching.
  • _____ – Parks in the culture of Pingtung

  • Linhousilin Forest Park – 林後四林平地森林園區

  • _____ – Parks in the culture of Pingtung

  • Liudui Hakka Cultural Park – 六堆客家文化園區

  • _____ – Parks in the culture of Pingtung

  • Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area – 大鵬灣國家風景區 is the largest lagoon on Taiwan’s southwest coast & is notable for its unique “single-mouthed pouch” landscape. It is located in Pingtung’s Donggang Township which is a major hub for water recreation, cycling & ecological tourism.

  • Longpan Park (龍磐公園), often misspelled as “Longpang,” is a stunning coastal nature area located within Kenting National Park. It is famous for its expansive grasslands that sit atop dramatic coral limestone cliffs overlooking the Pacific Ocean.

  • Kufuliao Park (苦伕寮公園) is a historic community park located in the Linbian Township of. It is situated right next to the Linbian Railway Station, making it an easy stop for travelers. The park occupies the site of a former “Daoban Gongfang” (道班工房), a resting station & tool shed for railway maintenance workers during the Japanese colonial period. The name “Kufuliao” is derived from the Japanese transliteration for these workers. The park offers a quiet green space known for its wood-carved art, refurbished old railway structures & lush greenery.

  • Donggang Mangrove Ecological Park (東港紅樹林生態公園) is a protected area showcasing mangrove forests & coastal wetland ecosystems. Boardwalks & educational signage enable visitors to explore the park without disturbing wildlife. The park is located on the west side of Dapeng Bay in Pingtung’s Donggang Township. It filters community wastewater through mangrove plants, providing an educational & scenic spot within the larger Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area.

  • dbnsa.gov.tw – Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area – website (English)
  • dbnsa.gov.tw – Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area – website (Chinese)
  • taiwan.net.tw – Mangrove Wetland Restoration Park @ Tourism Administration of the Republic of China on the Island of Taiwan website

  • recreation.forest.gov.tw – Mangrove Ecocenter @ Forestry & Nature Conservation Agency of the Republic of China on the Island of Taiwan
  • tripadvisor.com – Outdoor Activities in Donggang @ Trip Advisor website

  • Fangliao Coastal Park (枋寮海岸公園) is a coastal park offering scenic views of the shoreline, fishing piers, and beach areas. The park offers opportunities for seaside walks, picnics, and fishing activities.

  • _____ – Fangliao Coastal Park (枋寮海岸公園) in the culture of Pingtung

  • Pingtung Forest Park (屏東森林公園) is an urban park in Pingtung City with green spaces, walking paths & ponds. It is also known as Ahou Park. The park is a popular spot for local recreation & appreciation of nature.

  • wikipedia.org – Pingtung Forest Park (屏東森林公園) @ Wikipedia . org (Chinese)
  • _____ – Pingtung Forest Park (屏東森林公園) in the culture of Pingtung

  • EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

  • scholar.google.com – Parks in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中公園的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Parks in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中公園的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Parks in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中公園的角色 @ Google Images

RIVERS – 河 流

“Canyoning” in Pingtung County
( taiwantoday.tw )

  • Rivers in Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中河流的角色

  • Pingtung County (屏東縣) contains several rivers that play a vital role in agriculture, ecology & landscape. These rivers flow from the Central Mountain Range & Hengchun Peninsula to the Taiwan Strait or the Bashi Channel. The rivers of Pingtung provide freshwater habitats for fish, amphibians & aquatic plants. The downstream estuaries & wetlands serve as critical bird habitats & natural buffers against storms. Like many areas on the Island of Taiwan, the rivers in Pingtung face challenges from typhoons, floods, sedimentation, industrial discharge & climate change-induced droughts. Conservation efforts for the rivers of Pingtung focus on riverbank restoration, sediment control & sustainable agriculture.

  • wikipedia.org – List of rivers in Taiwan @ Wikipedia . org
  • kids.kiddle.co – List of rivers in Taiwan – facts for kids @ Kiddle . co

  • epa.gov.tw – Rivers in the culture of Pingtung
  • taipeitimes.com – “Pingtung on two wheels – a two-day trip brings visitors to hiking trails, pristine lakes & rivers that offer the perfect respite from the summer heat” @ Taipei Times website

  • Gaoping River (高屏溪) is the longest and most significant river in southern Taiwan, flowing through Pingtung into the Taiwan Strait. It originates in the Central Mountain Range and passes through mountainous terrain before reaching the coastal plains. The Gaoping River is vital for irrigation, drinking water, and supporting agriculture in Pingtung’s plains. The Gaoping River Estuary forms important wetlands and mudflats that support rich biodiversity, including migratory birds.

  • Linbian River (林邊溪) is a significant waterway in Pingtung County. It spans approximately 42 kilometers and is known for its role in local agriculture and its susceptibility to seasonal flooding. 

  • wikipedia.org – Linbian River – 林邊溪 @ Wikipedia . org
  • taiwan-panorama.com – “Returning the Land to the Water in Floodstruck Linbian & Jiadong” @ Taiwan Panorama e-zine
  • taipeitimes.com – Rare owl spotted nesting on the LInbian River @ Taipei Times website

  • ia.gov.tw – Geography and Irrigation Scheme of Linbian @ Pingtun Management Office of the Irrigation Agency, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of China on the Island of Taiwan website
  • ascelibrary.org – Destructive Flooding Induced by Broken Embankments along Linbian Creek, Taiwan, during Typhoon Morakot @ Journal of Hydrologic Engineering ( ascelibrary.org )
  • iaptu.nat.gov.tw – Pingtung Irrigation Areas @ Pingtung Management Office of the Irrigation Agency, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of China on the Island of Taiwan

  • mdpi.com – “Impacts of Climate Change & Land Subsidence on Inundation Risk in LInbian River watershed” @ Water (Multidisciplinary Research Journal ( waterjournal.org )
  • researchgate.net – “Impacts of Climate Change & Land Subsidence on Inundation Risk in LInbian River watershed” @ Water (Multidisciplinary Research Journal ( waterjournal.org )

  • Wuluo River (武洛溪) is a tributary of the Gaoping River located in Pingtung County, Taiwan. It is regarded as one of Taiwan’s most polluted rivers due to agricultural wastewater & pig farming. Mitigation efforts against the effects of pollution were initiated in 2004 by the installation of constructed wetlands.

  • Donggang River (東港溪) is a 44 km (27 mi) long river in Pingtung that flows into the Taiwan Strait. It is famous for the Donggang Fishery Port—a major tuna hub—and the triennial “Donglong Temple King Boat Ceremony”. It offers scenic riverside trails, rich aquaculture & nearby viewing spots for the mangrove marshes.

  • Shihwen Creek (士文溪) flows through Pingtung County and has been noted for significant silt buildup following major weather events like Typhoon Morakot, which at one point caused it to behave similarly to a “quake lake”.  The creek is frequently mentioned in government planning for regional water supplies, often in conjunction with the Mudan Reservoir, Ailiao River, and Linbian River. There is ongoing debate about the construction of a dam on the creek. While government officials have advocated for a dam to secure water for residents, local indigenous groups and associations have questioned the necessity and environmental safety of such a project.

  • Ailiao River (隘寮溪)

  • Ailiao River (隘寮溪) is a 69 km (43 mi) long tributary of the Gaoping River. It flows through Pingtung & parts of Kaohsiung City. The river originates from the confluence of the Shelu & South Ailiao rivers in the rugged Central Mountain Range before joining the Gaoping River, the largest drainage basin in Taiwan. The river valley is the ancestral home of the Rukai & Paiwan peoples and passes through several indigenous townships, including Wutai, Majia & Sandimen.  The river has been heavily affected by extreme weather. Typhoon Morakot in 2009 caused massive landslides & destroyed critical infrastructure like the historic Yila Bridge. The region remains a focus for studies on sediment transport & groundwater interaction. 
  • wikipedia.org – Ailiao River – 隘寮溪 @ Wikipedia . org
  • mapcarta.com – Ailiao River (隘寮溪) @ Mapcarta . com
  • flickr.com – Ailiao River (隘寮溪) photo @ Flickr . com

  • cswcs.org.tw – Ailiao River (隘寮溪)
  • hakka.gov.tw – “The Water Conservancy Construction & Flood Prevention of Hakka Villages in Ailiao River Basin” @ Hakka Affairs Council of Taiwan – website

  • youtube.com – Ailiao North River Packrafting @ Youtube . com
  • youtube.com – Pingtung Wutai Township Ailiao River Dawu Village Gurenren Bridge @ Youtube . com

  • taipeitimes.com – “Pingtung County announces Tiao Ti Village revitalization” @ Taipei Times website
  • cychen59.com – “30 Years Witness the Changing Landscape – The Vanished Xinhao Tea Village” @ Debris Flow Prevention blog
  • agu.org – “More on the impacts of landslides on a mountain village Jiuhaocha in Pingtung County” @ AGU Landslide Blog

  • Laonong River (荖濃溪)

  • Laonong River (荖濃溪) is one of the three primary tributaries of the Gaoping River and is approximately 136 km in length. It flows through Kaohsiung City & serves as a vital water source for the region. The headwaters are on the slopes of Yushan (Jade Mountain) which is the highest peak in Taiwan, at an elevation of approximately 3,400 meters. The river flows south between the Central Range to the east & the Yushan Range to the west. It drains a rugged mountainous area characterized by steep gradients & high sediment transport. The river is a popular destination for whitewater rafting particularly in the Liouguei District. The river flows past the Baolai Hot Spring area, a well-known spot for relaxation & viewing of the blooming plum blossoms in late winter.

  • hopout.com.tw – Laonong River waterfalls group @ Hop Out . com
  • kcginfo.kcg.gov.tw – Summer Fun: Liouguei’s Whitewater Rafting Revival on the Laonong River @ Kaohsiung City Government website
  • mapcarta.com – Laonong River @ Mapcarta . com

  • EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

  • scholar.google.com – Rivers in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中河 流的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Rivers in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中河 流的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Rivers in the culture of Pingtung – 屏東縣文化中河 流的角色 @ Google Images

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Click here to return to the CloudBridge Home Page for Pingtung

Click here for links to Language & Peoples of Pingtung

Click here for links to Culture for Pingtung

Click here for links to Business for Pingtung

Click here for links to Travel for Pingtung

For links to Environment & Nature of Pingtung . . . . .

. . . . . please scroll up through this page.

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NOTE : This site contains links to our ”favorite” and “most useful” websites . . . but the CloudBridge Project does not endorse or guarantee any of the products or services available through the links on the pages of this website.

本站包含了我們的 “最愛” 以及 “最有用” 的網站連結，但雲橋語文計劃並不保證其連結的有效性或對其背書.

Welcome to send us an email with your thoughts or comments:

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LATEST PAGE UPDATE: April 01 , 2026
最後一次更新時間為:  2026 / 04 / 01

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