YUNLIN – ENVIRONMENT & NATURE

台灣 / 雲林縣 – 環境 及 自然

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Links to individual topics for YUNLIN – ENVIRONMENT & NATURE

are presented on this page in the following categories :

BIODIVERSITY – 生命多樣性 … BIRDS – 鳥類 … FISH – 魚類 … FORESTS – 森林 … GEOLOGY – 地質 … HIKING – 徒步 … ISLANDS – 島嶼 … LAKES – 湖泊 … MARINE LIFE – 海洋生物 … MOUNTAINS – 山 … NATURE – 自然 … PARKS – 公園 … RIVERS – 河流

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YUNLIN – 台灣 / 雲林縣

ENVIRONMENT & NATURE

環境 及 自然

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BIODIVERSITY – 生 命 多 樣 性

• Yunlin’s biodiversity reflects its mix of coastal wetlands, river ecosystems, agricultural landscapes, and forested foothills. Despite heavy human use of the land, especially for farming and industry, Yunlin still supports a rich array of species and habitats.
  
  🌱 Flora (Plants)
  Coastal and Wetland Plants:
  Mangroves (e.g., Kandelia obovata) thrive in tidal zones, especially around Taixi Township.
  Salt-tolerant grasses and marsh plants in mudflats.
  Forest Vegetation:
  Subtropical broadleaf forests with species like camphor trees, bamboo, Chinese sweet gum, and Taiwan acacia.
  Understory includes ferns, orchids, and mosses.
  Agricultural Crops:
  Rice, peanuts, vegetables, fruit trees, and tea in Gukeng’s hills.
  
  🐦 Fauna (Animals)
  Birds
  Migratory and Resident Birds:
  Egrets, herons, black-faced spoonbills (endangered migratory species), and various shorebirds use coastal wetlands as stopover points.
  Forest birds such as Taiwan barbet, Taiwan blue magpie, bulbuls, and crested serpent eagle.
  Wetland Birds:
  Sandpipers, stilts, terns, and kingfishers around river estuaries and ponds.
  Mammals
  Forest mammals:
  Formosan macaques, masked palm civets, ferret-badgers, and squirrels inhabit the wooded foothills.
  Small mammals: Rodents and bats are common in forest and rural areas.
  Reptiles and Amphibians
  Various tree frogs, toads, skinks, and snakes are found in wetland, forest, and agricultural habitats.
  Aquatic Life
  Fish species include milkfish, mullet, and various freshwater species in rivers and ponds.
  Crustaceans like fiddler crabs and mudskippers inhabit coastal mudflats.
  
  🌍 Key Ecosystems Supporting Biodiversity
  Ecosystem
  Biodiversity Highlights
  Coastal Wetlands
  Mangroves, migratory birds, crustaceans
  Forested Foothills
  Native trees, forest mammals, diverse birds
  Rivers and Streams
  Freshwater fish, amphibians, riparian plants
  Agricultural Fields
  Waterbirds, pollinators, amphibians, and insects
  
  
  ⚠️ Threats to Biodiversity
  Habitat loss and fragmentation from agriculture and urban expansion.
  Pollution from industry and farming affecting water quality.
  Land subsidence leading to wetland degradation.
  Disturbance to migratory bird habitats due to coastal development.
  Climate change impacts, such as altered rainfall and rising sea levels.
  
  🌱 Conservation Efforts
  Protection of Taixi Wetland for migratory birds.
  Reforestation and forest management in foothills.
  Promotion of eco-friendly farming to reduce pesticide use.
  Environmental education programs involving local communities.
• focustaiwan.tw – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin
• focustaiwan.tw – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin
• esdtaiwan.edu.tw – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin
• ylepb.gov.tw – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin
• nih.gov – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin
• biodiversity-science.net – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin
• taya.com.tw – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin
• wildatheart.org.tw – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin
• xeno-canto.org – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin
• mdpi.com – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin
• a-a-r-s.org – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• wiley.com – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• plos.org – Conservation of Chinese White Dolphins @ Public library of science – website

• CHINESE WHITE DOLPHINS – 中 華 白 海 豚
• whales.org – Conservation of Chinese White Dolphins @ Whale & Dolphin Conservation – website
• owf-yunlin.tw – Results of White Dolphin Conservation @ Offshore Wind Farm Farm Project (Yunming Wind Power Company) website
• taiwania.ntu.edu.tw – Rapid change in environmental factors & the distribution of Taiwan humback dolphins @ Taiwania International Journal of Biodiversity
• plos.org – Conservation of Chinese White Dolphins @ Public library of science – website
• iucn-csg.org – Conservation of Chinese White Dolphins – action plan
• iucn-csg.org – Conservation of Chinese White Dolphins – workshop
• sinica.edu.tw – Conservation of Chinese White Dolphins – workshop
• youtube.com – Conservation of Chinese White Dolphins @ You Tube . com

• FORMOSAN GOLDEN BAT
• goldenbat.org.tw – Formosan golden bat – website

• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
• scholar.google.com – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
• youtube.com – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin @ You Tube . com
• images.google.com – Biodiversity in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

BIRDS – 鳥 類

• Absolutely! Yunlin County is a fantastic spot for birdwatching (birding) thanks to its diverse habitats—especially its coastal wetlands, river estuaries, and forested hills—which attract both resident and migratory birds. Here’s a detailed look:
  
  🐦 Birding in Yunlin County
  Top Birding Areas
  1. Taixi Wetland (台西濕地)
  Why Visit:
  One of Taiwan’s most important coastal wetlands, providing habitat for numerous migratory shorebirds and waterfowl.
  Known for sightings of endangered species like the Black-faced Spoonbill (黑面琵鷺) during winter migration.
  Large flocks of egrets, herons, sandpipers, and stilts.
  Best Time:
  Late autumn to early spring (October to March), during migratory seasons.
  2. Zhuoshui River Estuary (濁水溪口)
  Why Visit:
  The estuary of Taiwan’s longest river offers mudflats and tidal pools rich in birdlife.
  Good for spotting shorebirds, gulls, terns, and waders.
  Best Time:
  Migratory seasons and low tide periods for optimal bird activity.
  3. Caoling Forest Recreation Area (草嶺森林遊樂區)
  Why Visit:
  Forested hills with trails where you can see forest birds like Taiwan Barbet, Taiwan Yuhina, and various bulbuls.
  Great for hearing bird songs and observing woodland species.
  Best Time:
  Year-round, with spring and autumn being peak seasons for bird activity.
  4. Beigang Riverbanks and Wetlands (北港溪濕地)
  Why Visit:
  Riparian habitats supporting kingfishers, egrets, herons, and passerines.
  Good spot for casual birding near farmland and riverside trails.
  
  🐥 Common and Notable Bird Species in Yunlin
  Bird Type
  Examples
  Habitat
  Waterbirds & Shorebirds
  Black-faced Spoonbill, Great Egret, Little Egret, Kentish Plover, Common Sandpiper
  Coastal wetlands, mudflats
  Forest Birds
  Taiwan Barbet, Taiwan Blue Magpie, Crested Serpent Eagle, Taiwan Yuhina
  Forested foothills
  Raptors
  Crested Serpent Eagle, Eastern Buzzard
  Forest edges, hills
  Passerines (Songbirds)
  Various bulbuls, tits, and flycatchers
  Forests, riverbanks, rural areas
  
  
  🧭 Birding Tips for Yunlin
  Bring binoculars and a field guide for Taiwanese birds.
  Visit during low tide at wetlands and estuaries to see feeding shorebirds.
  Early morning or late afternoon are the best times for bird activity.
  Respect wildlife and habitats—stick to trails and avoid disturbing nesting sites.
  Consider joining local birdwatching groups or guided tours for expert insight.
  
  🌿 Supporting Facilities and Events
  Some wetlands have birdwatching platforms or observation towers (e.g., Taixi Wetland).
  Local nature centers may offer information, guided walks, and bird counts.
  Seasonal bird festivals or events sometimes take place, promoting conservation awareness.
• xeno-canto.org – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• gaiadiscovery.com – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• xeno-canto.org – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• fatbirder.com – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• birding2asia.com – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• maptia.com – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• bsc-eoc.org – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• centraltaiwanbirder.com – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• birdingintaiwan.com – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• wikipedia.org – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• yunlin.gov.tw – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• poultryworld.net – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• birdingpal.org – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• hbw.com – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• taipeitimes.com – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• orientalbirdclub.org – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• ebird.org – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• forestry.gov.cn – Birding in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• nccu.edu.tw – Preservation of endangered bird species @ Environment & Planning Journal

• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
• scholar.google.com – Birding in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
• youtube.com – Birding in the culture of Yunlin @ You Tube . com
• images.google.com – Birding in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

FISH – 魚 類

• Here’s an overview of fishing in Yunlin County, Taiwan, covering both coastal and inland fishing opportunities:
  
  🎣 Fishing in Yunlin County
  1. Coastal and Marine Fishing
  Location: Along Yunlin’s western coastline, especially in townships like Mailiao (麥寮), Taixi (台西), and Kouhu (口湖).
  Fishery Types:
  Nearshore fishing: Small-scale fishing boats catch species like mullet, milkfish, croaker, and various shellfish.
  Aquaculture: Yunlin has fish farms cultivating milkfish, tilapia, and shrimp in coastal ponds and reservoirs.
  Popular Species:
  Milkfish (虱目魚), a local favorite.
  Mullet (烏魚), important for local fisheries.
  Shrimp and crab species.
  Fishing Methods:
  Net fishing, trap fishing, and hand gathering of shellfish.
  Some recreational shore fishing is also practiced.
  
  2. Inland and River Fishing
  Location: Rivers such as the Zhuoshui River (濁水溪) and Beigang River (北港溪), and smaller streams and reservoirs.
  Species:
  Freshwater fish including carp, catfish, and various native species.
  Recreational Fishing:
  Some local spots along riverbanks and reservoirs allow recreational fishing.
  Fishing competitions and community events occasionally held.
  
  3. Fishing Villages and Markets
  Mailiao Fishing Port:
  A hub for commercial fishing boats and seafood trade.
  Visitors can enjoy fresh seafood markets and local delicacies.
  Taixi Fishing Area:
  Known for traditional fishing methods and mangrove ecosystem conservation.
  Seafood Markets:
  Towns like Beigang and Douliu host markets where fresh fish and shellfish are sold daily.
  
  4. Environmental Considerations
  Overfishing and pollution from industry have impacted fish populations in some coastal areas.
  Conservation efforts include sustainable aquaculture practices and coastal habitat protection.
  Wetland and mangrove areas are important nurseries for many fish species.
• taiwan.net.tw – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• tripadvisor.com – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• tripadvisor.com – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• accuweather.com – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• accuweather.com – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• tripadvisor.com – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• tideschart.com – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• travelchinaguide.com – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• wikipedia.org – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• fa.gov.tw – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• bbc.com – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• shutterstock.com – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• uptogo.com.tw – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• booking.com – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• tripadvisor.com – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin
• fa.gov.tw – Yunlin fish conservation @ Fisheries Agency of Taiwan – website

• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
• scholar.google.com – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
• youtube.com – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin @ You Tube . com
• images.google.com – Fishing in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

FORESTS – 森 林

• 🌳 Forests in Yunlin County
  1. Types and Distribution
  Eastern Foothills Forests:
  Located mainly in the eastern parts of Yunlin (e.g., Gukeng and Caoling areas).
  Dominated by subtropical broadleaf forests with species like camphor trees, Taiwan acacia, bamboo, and laurels.
  These forests cover hills and low mountains forming part of Taiwan’s Western Foothill Belt.
  Riparian and Small Patch Forests:
  Along rivers and streams such as the Zhuoshui and Beigang Rivers.
  Vegetation includes riverine trees, shrubs, and riparian plants supporting aquatic ecosystems.
  Urban and Community Forests:
  Smaller green spaces and parks in towns like Douliu and Beigang with planted trees and landscaped areas.
  
  2. Ecological Importance
  Biodiversity Hotspots:
  Forests provide habitat for native wildlife including birds, mammals, reptiles, and insects.
  Serve as ecological corridors connecting fragmented habitats.
  Watershed Protection:
  Forests in the hills help regulate water flow, reduce soil erosion, and maintain water quality for downstream agricultural lands.
  Carbon Sequestration:
  Act as carbon sinks, helping mitigate climate change impacts.
  
  3. Forest Conservation and Management
  Caoling Forest Recreation Area:
  A protected area offering recreational hiking and forest education.
  Managed for forest restoration and visitor services.
  Reforestation Projects:
  Local government and environmental groups engage in replanting native tree species to restore degraded forest areas.
  Sustainable Forestry Practices:
  Efforts to balance timber use with conservation, including controlled logging and preventing illegal clearing.
  
  4. Threats to Yunlin’s Forests
  Land Use Change:
  Expansion of agriculture and urban development has reduced forest cover, especially in lowland areas.
  Invasive Species:
  Non-native plants can outcompete native vegetation, impacting forest health.
  Climate Change:
  Altered temperature and rainfall patterns may stress forest ecosystems.
• wikipedia.org – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• taiwan.net.tw – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• taiwan.net.tw – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• tripadvisor.com – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• bioone.org – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• alltrails.com – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• yunlin.gov.tw – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• tripadvisor.com – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• tripadvisor.com – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• cwb.gov.tw – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• johnjemi.com – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• mdpi.com – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• wildatheart.org.tw – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• nytimes.com – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• nlm.nih.gov – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• worldforestry.org – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• wetland-tw.tcd.gov.tw – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• forest.gov.tw – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• followxiaofei.com – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• channelnewsasia.com – Forests in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder

• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
• scholar.google.com – Forests in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
• youtube.com – Forests in the culture of Yunlin @ You Tube . com
• images.google.com – Forests in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

GEOLOGY – 地質

• Geology of Yunlin – 雲林縣的地 質
• Yunlin County, located in southwestern Taiwan along the western coastal plain, has a geology shaped by a combination of sedimentary processes, tectonic activity, and fluvial deposition. Here’s an overview of the geology of Yunlin County:
  
  1. Geological Setting
  Yunlin lies mostly within the Western Coastal Plain and partly within the Western Foothills, two major geological provinces of Taiwan:
  Western Coastal Plain (west Yunlin):
  Characterized by young Quaternary alluvial and marine sediments.
  These sediments are relatively flat and loosely consolidated, deposited by rivers like the Zhuoshui River (濁水溪) and Beigang River (北港溪).
  This region is geologically young and prone to subsidence, especially due to groundwater extraction.
  Western Foothills (eastern Yunlin, near Gukeng 古坑 and Douliu 斗六):
  Comprised of older sedimentary rocks, including sandstone, shale, and siltstone, dating back to the Miocene and Pliocene epochs.
  Formed by the uplift and folding caused by the collision between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
  
  2. Major Rock Types
  Alluvium and Marine Deposits (Quaternary): Found in the coastal plains and river valleys.
  Neogene Sedimentary Rocks (Miocene–Pliocene): Exposed in the hilly areas; include:
  Toukoshan Formation (頭嵙山層) – conglomerate and sandstone.
  Chinshui Shale (錦水頁岩) – mainly shale and mudstone.
  Lushan Formation (廬山層) – more complex, with alternating sandstone and shale layers.
  
  3. Tectonics and Seismicity
  Yunlin lies in a tectonically active zone due to the ongoing convergence of the Eurasian and Philippine Sea plates.
  The county experiences moderate to strong earthquake activity; notable was the Chi-Chi Earthquake (1999) which had widespread effects in Yunlin.
  The region is subject to faulting and folding, especially in the east.
  
  4. Geohazards
  Land Subsidence: Widespread in the western coastal areas, caused by:
  Over-pumping of groundwater.
  Soft, compressible sediments.
  Earthquakes: Risk due to proximity to active faults and the foothill tectonic zone.
  Soil liquefaction potential in low-lying sandy areas during seismic events.
  
  5. Geothermal and Mineral Resources
  Hot springs exist in areas like Gukeng Township (古坑鄉), associated with geothermal gradients along fault zones.
  No major mineral mining today, but historically, there has been limited exploration for petroleum and natural gas in western Yunlin’s sedimentary basins.
  
  6. Rivers and Erosion
  The Zhuoshui River, Taiwan’s longest river, forms Yunlin’s northern border and contributes significantly to sediment deposition.
  Beigang River runs through central Yunlin, shaping the alluvial plains and supporting agriculture.
  
  Summary
  Yunlin County’s geology reflects a transition from flat, young alluvial plains in the west to older, tectonically uplifted sedimentary hills in the east. This combination results in both rich agricultural soils and vulnerability to geohazards like earthquakes and land subsidence. Its geological history continues to be shaped by tectonic and sedimentary processes.
• swcb.gov.tw – Huashan Debris Flow Educational Park @ Taiwan Soil & Water Conservation Bureau
• _____ – Geology of Yunlin
• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
  scholar.google.com – Geology of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
  youtube.com – Geology of Yunlin @ You Tube . com
  images.google.com – Geology of Yunlin@ Google Images
• Mineral Resources of Yunlin – 雲林縣的礦產資源
• Yunlin County, located in western Taiwan, is not known for rich or extensive mineral resources, but it does have some minor mineral and energy-related deposits due to its geological setting. Here’s a summary of the mineral resources of Yunlin County:
  
  1. Groundwater and Geothermal Resources
  Groundwater is the most significant subsurface resource in Yunlin:
  Abundant in the alluvial plains, where thick sediments from rivers like the Zhuoshui and Beigang accumulate.
  Overuse has led to land subsidence, especially in western Yunlin.
  Geothermal Resources:
  Hot springs occur in areas like Gukeng Township (古坑鄉).
  The geothermal activity is related to deeper faults and the collision zone between tectonic plates.
  These geothermal sites are used mainly for recreation and tourism, not power generation.
  
  2. Petroleum and Natural Gas (Hydrocarbons)
  Yunlin lies above part of Taiwan’s Western Foreland Basin, a sedimentary basin that has been explored for oil and gas:
  Exploratory drilling has taken place in areas of Mailiao (麥寮) and nearby townships.
  Mailiao Industrial Zone hosts one of Taiwan’s largest petrochemical complexes, the Formosa Plastics Group (FPG) Mailiao Refinery, which imports most of its crude oil.
  While some natural gas and oil deposits were found in the past, they are not considered commercially significant today.
  Taiwan’s energy sector relies mostly on imported fuels.
  
  3. Sand and Gravel Resources
  The Zhuoshui River (濁水溪) and other rivers provide sand and gravel for construction materials:
  These are extracted under regulated permits.
  Over-extraction has led to environmental concerns, including riverbed erosion and habitat damage.
  
  4. Clay and Soil Materials
  Clay and silt found in the western plains may be used locally for brick-making or ceramics, but this is small-scale and not a major industry in Yunlin.
  The rich alluvial soil is more valued for agriculture than mining.
  
  5. No Metallic or Rare Minerals
  Yunlin does not have significant metallic minerals such as gold, copper, or iron.
  There are no known rare earth or critical mineral deposits in the county.
• _____ – Minerals in the culture of Yunlin

• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
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• Hot Springs in Yunlin – 雲林縣的溫 泉
• Hot springs in Yunlin County, Taiwan, are relatively few and modest in scale, especially compared to well-known hot spring regions like Beitou (Taipei) or Guanziling (Tainan). However, there are a few geothermal sites in Yunlin, particularly in eastern hilly areas, where tectonic activity and groundwater circulation have created conditions for hot spring formation.
  
  🔥 Key Hot Spring Area in Yunlin
  1. Gukeng Hot Springs (古坑溫泉)
  Location: Gukeng Township (古坑鄉), especially in areas near Jianan Plain foothills and around Caoling Village (草嶺村).
  Geological Setting:
  Located at the transition zone between the Western Foothills and Coastal Plain.
  Heated groundwater rises along faults and fractured bedrock.
  Water Type: Generally weakly alkaline sodium bicarbonate springs (碳酸氫鈉泉), suitable for bathing.
  Temperature: Varies, generally around 40–60°C, depending on depth and season.
  Usage:
  Primarily for recreational bathing and spa tourism.
  Small-scale resorts and hot spring inns are located in the area.
  Notable Attractions Nearby:
  Gukeng Green Tunnel (綠色隧道) – a popular tourist spot with local products, food stalls, and cycling paths.
  Caoling Recreation Area (草嶺風景區) – forested area with cool climate and trails.
  
  ♨️ Other Geothermal Spots (Minor/Developing)
  2. Caoling Area (草嶺)
  Located deeper into the mountains in eastern Yunlin, near the border with Nantou and Chiayi.
  Some undeveloped or lightly developed hot spring sources exist in this area, often within ecological or forest recreation zones.
  Often remote and less accessible; some may be used informally by hikers or locals.
  
  ⚠️ Hot Spring Characteristics and Limitations
  Yunlin’s hot springs are generally not large-scale or well-developed like those in other counties.
  The geothermal activity is moderate, related to regional tectonic faulting and deep circulation of groundwater.
  Development is limited by:
  Lack of strong geothermal gradients.
  Environmental protection of forested foothill areas.
  Seismic and subsidence risks.
• truetaiwan.com – Hot springs in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• tripadvisor.com – Hot springs in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• tripadvisor.com – Hot springs in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• channelnewsasia.com – Hot springs in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• nytimes.com – Hot springs in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• wikipedia.org – Hot springs in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• travia360.com – Hot springs in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• inspirock.com – Hot springs in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• wikivoyage.org – Hot springs in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• kkday.com – Hot springs in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• taiwannews.com – Hot springs in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• taiwan.net.tw – Tours of Taiwan Hot Springs @ Taiwan Tourism Administration website

• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
• scholar.google.com – Hot springs in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
• youtube.com – Hot springs in the culture of Yunlin @ You Tube . com
• images.google.com – Hot springs in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

• Volcano in Yunlin – 雲林縣的火山
• Yunlin County does not have any active, dormant, or extinct volcanoes. It is not part of Taiwan’s volcanic regions. Here’s a breakdown to clarify the geologic context:
  
  🌋 1. No Volcanoes in Yunlin
  No volcanic cones, lava flows, or volcanic rock formations have been identified in Yunlin County.
  The geology consists mostly of sedimentary rocks (sandstone, shale, mudstone) and alluvial deposits from rivers like the Zhuoshui and Beigang.
  This region is part of the Western Coastal Plain and Western Foothills, which are tectonically active but not volcanic.
  
  🗾 2. Where Are Taiwan’s Volcanoes?
  While Yunlin lacks volcanoes, other parts of Taiwan do have volcanic features:
  Volcanic Region
  Location
  Status
  Tatun Volcano Group (大屯火山群)
  North of Taipei, Yangmingshan
  Dormant
  Guishan Island (龜山島)
  Off the coast of Yilan
  Dormant
  Lanyu (Orchid Island)
  Off the southeast coast of Taiwan
  Extinct
  Southwestern Seamounts
  Undersea, south of Taiwan
  Submarine, extinct
  
  Yunlin lies far from these volcanic systems.
  
  ⚠️ 3. Related Geologic Activity
  Although there are no volcanoes in Yunlin, the county experiences tectonic activity:
  Located in the collision zone between the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate.
  Subject to earthquakes, faulting, and uplift—but not volcanism.
  Hot springs in Gukeng are due to deep circulation of groundwater along faults, not volcanic heat.
  
  ✅ Conclusion
  There are no volcanoes in Yunlin County, nor any evidence of past volcanic activity. Its geothermal features (like hot springs) result from tectonic heat and groundwater circulation, not magmatic processes.
• _____ – Volcano in the culture of Yunlin

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HIKING – 徒 步

• hiking.biji.co – 精選雲嘉南十條步道 @ Hiking . biji
• tripadvisor.com.tw – 雲林縣登山步道 @ Tripadvisor . com
• car0126.pixnet.net – 雲林森林步道 @ Pixnet . net
• bluehawaii.pixnet.net – 雲林林內龍過脈步道 @ Pixnet . net
• okgo.tw – 華山休閒步道 @ 玩全台灣
• zerolulu.pixnet.net – 雲林的後花園 @ Pixnet . net
• xuite.net – 嘉南雲峰 @ Xuite . net
• burner75819.pixnet.net – 荷苞山 @ Pixnet . net
• chou8942.pixnet.net – 雲林古坑石壁山 @ Pixnet . net
• cjyyou.pixnet.net – 雲林臥龍山 @ Pixnet . net

• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
• scholar.google.com – Hiking in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
• youtube.com – Hiking in the culture of Yunlin @ You Tube . com
• images.google.com – Hiking in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

ISLANDS – 島嶼

• Islands in Yunlin –
• Yunlin’s coastline is mainly composed of tidal flats, wetlands, and estuaries rather than islands.
• Residents’ interaction with islands is generally limited; they rely more on fishing, aquaculture, and coastal farming.
• Some folk stories, religious beliefs, and temple festivals in Yunlin may incorporate deities or legends related to the sea and islands, reflecting Taiwan’s maritime culture.
• In particular, the worship of the sea goddess Mazu (媽祖) is widespread along the western coast including Yunlin, linking people spiritually to the sea and island communities.

• Cultural Connection to Nearby Island Communities:

• Penghu Islands – 澎湖群島
• _____ – Islands the culture of Yunlin

• Kinmen – 金門
• _____ – Islands the culture of Yunlin

• Matsu – 馬祖
• _____ – Islands in the culture of Yunlin

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• scholar.google.com – Islands in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
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LAKES – 湖 泊

• xeno-canto.org – Lakes in the culture of Yunlin
• skyscanner.com – Lakes in the culture of Yunlin
• followxiaofei.com – Lakes in the culture of Yunlin
• taiwan.net.tw – Lakes in the culture of Yunlin
• tripadvisor.com – Lakes in the culture of Yunlin
• wikipedia.org – Lakes in the culture of Yunlin

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MARINE LIFE – 海 洋 生 物

• MARINE LIFE – 海 洋 生 物
• taipeitimes.com – Marine life in the culture of Yunlin
• wikipedia.org – Marine life in the culture of Yunlin
• marinebio.org – Marine life in the culture of Yunlin
• taiwan.net.tw – Marine life in the culture of Yunlin
• semanticscholar.org – Marine life in the culture of Yunlin
• waset.org – Marine life in the culture of Yunlin
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• images.google.com – Marine life in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

• AQUATIC LIFE – 水 生 生 物
• mdpi.com – Aquatic life in the culture of Yunlin
• marine.gov.tw – Aquatic life in the culture of Yunlin
• semanticscholar.org – Aquatic life in the culture of Yunlin
• taiwantoday.tw – Aquatic life in the culture of Yunlin
• nih.gov – Aquatic life in the culture of Yunlin
• followxiaofei.com – Marine fossils in the rocks at Longfeng waterfall @ Follow Xiaofei – blog

• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
• scholar.google.com – Aquatic life in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
• youtube.com – Aquatic life in the culture of Yunlin @ You Tube . com
• images.google.com – Aquatic life in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

MOUNTAINS – 山

• MOUNTAINS – 山
• Yunlin County, located on the western side of Taiwan, is generally known for its coastal plains and agricultural lands, but the eastern part of the county rises into the Western Foothills (西部麓山帶) and contains moderately high mountains and rugged terrain. These uplands form the western edge of Taiwan’s central mountain system.
  
  🏔️ Overview of Mountains in Yunlin County
  📍 Geographic Zones
  Western Yunlin: Flat alluvial plain, little to no mountainous terrain.
  Eastern Yunlin: Hilly and mountainous, with elevations rising above 1,000 meters.
  
  🏞️ Notable Mountains and Peaks
  1. Mount Dajian (大尖山)
  Location: Gukeng Township (古坑鄉)
  Elevation: ~1,249 meters
  Features:
  One of the highest peaks in Yunlin County.
  Covered in dense subtropical forest.
  Hiking trails with panoramic views.
  Popular with local hikers and nature lovers.
  2. Mount Caoling (草嶺山)
  Location: Caoling Village, Gukeng Township
  Elevation: ~1,050 meters
  Features:
  Part of the Caoling Recreation Area (草嶺風景區).
  Known for cool mountain climate, misty forests, and waterfalls.
  Rich in biodiversity and scenic views.
  Accessible hiking and camping areas.
  3. Mount Jianshan (尖山)
  Location: Border of Yunlin and Chiayi counties
  Elevation: ~1,200 meters
  Features:
  Not widely known but part of a mountain ridge system along the county border.
  Remote and less developed, with natural forest cover.
  4. Mount Shitoushan (石頭山)
  Location: Eastern Yunlin near Linnei or Douliu
  Elevation: ~700–900 meters
  Features:
  Lower elevation, but with scenic forest paths.
  Accessible by local roads and occasionally used for eco-tourism or forest walks.
  
  🌳 Mountain Ecology
  Forest Type: Subtropical broadleaf forest, gradually transitioning into montane forests at higher elevations.
  Flora and Fauna:
  Camphor trees, bamboo, Taiwan acacia.
  Wildlife includes macaques, civets, and a variety of bird species.
  Conservation: Some mountainous areas are protected or managed as part of forest reserves or water catchment zones.
  
  🚶 Recreation and Trails
  Gukeng and Caoling are major gateways to Yunlin’s mountains.
  Trails range from short nature walks to moderate hikes with mountain views.
  Popular activities:
  Hiking and trekking
  Forest bathing (shinrin-yoku)
  Birdwatching
  Visiting tea farms and scenic lookouts
• taiwan.net.tw – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• taiwan.net.tw – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• wikipedia.org – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• wikipedia.org – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
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• birdingintaiwan.com – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• shutterstock.com – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• alltrails.com – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• wikivoyage.org – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• yunlin.gov.tw – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• quora.com – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• qoo10.com – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• gukeng.gov.tw – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• tripadvisor.com – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• nytimes.com – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• tripadvisor.com – Mountains in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder

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• CLIMBING – 登 山
• Rock climbing in Yunlin County, Taiwan is limited and relatively undeveloped, especially when compared to well-known climbing areas in Taiwan such as Longdong (龍洞) in New Taipei, Shoushan (壽山) in Kaohsiung, or Dadong Mountain (大棟山) in Taoyuan. However, Yunlin offers some natural rocky terrain and forested hills in its eastern region that may appeal to adventurous climbers or hikers seeking off-the-beaten-path bouldering or scrambling experiences.
  
  🧗‍♂️ Overview: Rock Climbing in Yunlin
  ❌ No Formal or Popular Climbing Sites
  There are no officially established or developed sport climbing areas (i.e., bolted routes, climbing gyms, or guided climbing operations) in Yunlin.
  The Western Foothills in eastern Yunlin consist mostly of sedimentary rock formations (sandstone, shale, mudstone), which are less ideal for traditional rock climbing due to:
  Poor rock quality (friable or loose rock).
  Steep forest cover making access and safety difficult.
  Lack of bolting or route maintenance.
  
  🏞️ Possible Natural Areas for Exploration
  If you’re an experienced climber or adventurer looking for scrambling or light bouldering, here are some areas of potential interest:
  1. Caoling Scenic Area (草嶺風景區) – Gukeng Township
  Primarily a hiking and nature area, but it features some exposed rocky ridges and outcrops.
  May offer natural rock surfaces for casual scrambling.
  Slopes are often steep and forested; not suitable for serious technical climbing.
  2. Mount Dajian (大尖山)
  Yunlin’s highest peak (~1,249 m), located in Gukeng.
  Trail-based ascent with sections that may require hands-on scrambling, but not true rock climbing.
  Not equipped for technical routes or climbing anchors.
  3. Shaded river gorges or valleys
  Areas along the Zhuoshui River (濁水溪) and Beigang River (北港溪) may expose rock faces or boulders.
  Some areas have sedimentary cliffs, but these are typically fragile and not recommended for climbing.
• trip101.com –  Climbing in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• tripadvisor.com –  Climbing in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• taiwan.net.tw –  Climbing in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• videoblocks.com –  Climbing in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• i-likelocal.com –  Climbing in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• taipeitimes.com –  Climbing in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• alltrails.com –  Climbing in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• mountainproject.com –  Climbing in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• climbstone.com –  Climbing in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• nytimes.com –  Climbing in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• followxiaofei.com –  Climbing in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• jstage.jst.go.jp –  Climbing in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• booking.com –  Climbing in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder
• gukeng.gov.tw –  Climbing in the culture of Yunlin – backgrounder

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NATURE – 自 然

• NATURE – 自 然
• Nature in Yunlin County, Taiwan, is a blend of lush lowland plains, forested hills, scenic rivers, and coastal wetlands, offering a quieter and less commercialized natural environment compared to other parts of the island. While much of the land is cultivated for agriculture, Yunlin still has areas of ecological richness, biodiversity, and recreational beauty, especially in the east.
  
  🌿 Overview of Nature in Yunlin County
  📍 Geographic Setting
  Western Yunlin: Flat coastal plains, rich in farmland, rivers, and estuaries.
  Eastern Yunlin: Foothills and low mountains of the Western Foothill Belt, with forests, waterfalls, and biodiversity hotspots.
  
  🏞️ Natural Landscapes
  1. Rivers and Wetlands
  Zhuoshui River (濁水溪): Taiwan’s longest river, forms Yunlin’s northern boundary.
  Beigang River (北港溪): Flows through the county and nourishes agricultural areas.
  Yunlin Coastal Wetlands:
  Located in townships like Mailiao (麥寮) and Taixi (台西).
  Support migratory birds, fish nurseries, and mangroves.
  Examples: Taixi Seaside Park (台西海園) and estuarine wetlands.
  Land Subsidence Wetlands:
  Resulting from overuse of groundwater, creating low-lying wetland habitats.
  2. Forested Hills and Mountains
  Concentrated in Gukeng (古坑鄉), Caoling (草嶺), and the Dajian Mountain (大尖山) area.
  Part of the Western Foothills, elevations up to ~1,200 meters.
  Forests feature camphor trees, bamboo, ferns, and subtropical broadleaf species.
  Caoling Scenic Area (草嶺風景區):
  One of Yunlin’s premier nature reserves.
  Misty mountain forests, trails, waterfalls, and diverse plant life.
  
  🐦 Wildlife and Biodiversity
  Birds
  Coastal and wetland birds: egrets, herons, black-winged stilts, terns.
  Forest birds: Taiwan barbet, crested serpent eagle, bulbuls, and warblers.
  Migratory species: Especially seen in Taixi wetlands during winter migration.
  Mammals and Reptiles
  Formosan macaques, masked palm civets, squirrels, and reptiles like skinks and tree lizards inhabit the foothills.
  Amphibians like tree frogs can be found near streams and rice paddies.
  
  🌸 Agriculture and Rural Landscapes
  Though much of Yunlin is agricultural, this landscape supports:
  Agro-ecological zones with mixed farming, fish ponds, and irrigation canals.
  Tea farms and bamboo groves in Gukeng hills.
  Eco-tourism farms that highlight organic practices and rural heritage.
  
  🚶 Nature Activities in Yunlin
  Activity
  Locations
  Hiking
  Caoling, Gukeng, Dajian Mountain
  Birdwatching
  Taixi wetlands, Beigang estuary, riverbanks
  Forest bathing (shinrin-yoku)
  Caoling Forest Recreation Area
  Hot springs & eco-spas
  Gukeng (e.g., natural hot springs areas)
  Cycling or nature walks
  Yunlin Green Tunnel (綠色隧道), rural routes
  Wildlife photography
  Caoling, river estuaries, hill forests
  
  
  🌱 Conservation and Environmental Issues
  Land Subsidence: Caused by groundwater overuse, affecting coastal ecosystems.
  Habitat loss: Due to urbanization and farming expansion.
  Conservation efforts:
  Wetland protection programs in Taixi and estuary areas.
  Forest restoration in Caoling and upper watersheds.
  Local eco-tourism supporting community-based conservation.
• wikipedia.org – Nature in the culture of Yunlin
• tripadvisor.com – Nature in the culture of Yunlin
• tripadvisor.com – Nature in the culture of Yunlin
• rtaiwanr.com – Nature in the culture of Yunlin
• trip101.com – Nature in the culture of Yunlin
• travelchinaguide.com – Nature in the culture of Yunlin
• followxiaofei.com – Marine fossils in Longfeng waterfall rocks @ Follow Xiaofei . com

• Rivers & Wetlands:

• Zhuoshui River – 濁水溪
• _____ – Nature in the culture of Yunlin

• Beigang River Estuary Wetlands – 北港溪口濕地
• _____ – Nature in the culture of Yunlin

• Chenglong Wetlands – 成龍濕地
• _____ – Nature in the culture of Yunlin

• Eastern Hills & Forests:

• Gukeng Township – 古坑鄉
• _____ – Nature in the culture of Yunlin

• Caoling Scenic Area – 草嶺風景區
• _____ – Nature in the culture of Yunlin

• Tongxin Valley – 同心谷
• _____ – Nature in the culture of Yunlin

• Agricultural Landscapes & Rural Ecology
• _____ – Nature in the culture of Yunlin

• Coastal and Marine Environments
• _____ – Nature in the culture of Yunlin

• Wildlife & Biodiversity
• _____ – Nature in the culture of Yunlin

• Community-Based Conservation & Eco-Tourism
• _____ – Nature in the culture of Yunlin

• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
• scholar.google.com – Nature in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
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• images.google.com – Nature in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

• NATURAL SCENIC AREAS – 自 然 景 區
• Yunlin County, though better known for agriculture and traditional culture, also offers several natural scenic areas—especially in its eastern foothills and western coastal wetlands. These areas are quieter and less commercial than Taiwan’s major tourist spots, making them perfect for visitors seeking authentic, nature-rich experiences.
  
  🌄 Major Natural Scenic Areas in Yunlin County
  1. Caoling Scenic Area (草嶺風景區)
  📍 Location: Caoling Village, Gukeng Township (古坑鄉草嶺村)
  🏞️ Highlights:
  Misty mountains, lush forests, and hiking trails.
  Waterfalls, such as Shibi Waterfall (石壁瀑布).
  Cool mountain air, making it a popular summer retreat.
  Rich in biodiversity, especially ferns and forest birds.
  🌲 Activities: Forest walks, birdwatching, photography, eco-tourism.
  
  2. Yunlin Green Tunnel (雲林綠色隧道)
  📍 Location: Linnei Township (林內鄉)
  🌿 Highlights:
  A shaded country road lined with large trees.
  Originally a sugarcane transport route.
  Great for cycling, walking, and relaxing amid greenery.
  🚴‍♂️ Activities: Biking, weekend markets, eco-parks nearby.
  
  3. Gukeng Scenic Area (古坑風景區)
  📍 Location: Around Gukeng Township (古坑鄉)
  🍃 Highlights:
  Low mountains, tea farms, bamboo groves, and rural charm.
  Gukeng Coffee is famous—many scenic coffee farms have views of valleys and hills.
  Nearby hot spring areas.
  ☕ Activities: Hiking, coffee tasting, forest recreation.
  
  4. Taixi Seaside Park & Wetlands (台西海園與濕地)
  📍 Location: Taixi Township (台西鄉)
  🌊 Highlights:
  Coastal scenery, mangroves, and estuarine wetlands.
  Habitat for migratory birds, fish, and crabs.
  Windy, wide-open ocean views with salt flats and fishing harbors.
  🐦 Activities: Birdwatching, nature photography, exploring wetland ecology.
  
  5. Janfusun Fancyworld Area (劍湖山世界區域)
  📍 Location: Gukeng Township (古坑鄉)
  🎢 While best known as a theme park, the area also includes:
  Forested hills.
  Small scenic hiking trails and quiet tea plantations.
  Mountain views, especially at sunrise or sunset.
  🎠 Good option if combining nature with family-oriented attractions.
  
  6. Zhuoshui River Estuary (濁水溪口濕地)
  📍 Location: Near Mailiao Township (麥寮鄉)
  🌾 Highlights:
  Where Taiwan’s longest river meets the sea.
  Wetlands formed by sediment deposition.
  Habitat for waterbirds and wetland species.
  🧭 Activities: Environmental education, birdwatching, estuary exploration.
  
  🌱 Summary Table of Scenic Areas
  Name
  Type
  Township
  Key Features
  Caoling Scenic Area
  Mountain/Forest
  Gukeng (Caoling)
  Waterfalls, hiking, forests
  Yunlin Green Tunnel
  Tree-lined Road
  Linnei
  Biking, markets, eco-parks
  Gukeng Scenic Area
  Hills, agriculture
  Gukeng
  Coffee farms, bamboo, forest walks
  Taixi Seaside Park/Wetlands
  Wetland/Coastal
  Taixi
  Mangroves, birdwatching, estuary
  Janfusun Area
  Mixed/Leisure
  Gukeng
  Scenic views + amusement park
  Zhuoshui River Estuary
  Wetland/River Mouth
  Mailiao
  Waterbirds, mudflats, wetland habitat
  
  
  🧭 Tips for Visitors
  Spring and fall are the best times to visit—mild weather, lush greenery, and migratory bird activity.
  Public transportation is limited in hilly or wetland areas; driving or joining local eco-tours is recommended.
  Weekends may feature local markets or festivals near the Green Tunnel or Gukeng coffee farms.
• tripadvisor.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• taiwan.net.tw – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• trip101.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• taiwanfun.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• wikipedia.org – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• vacationidea.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• travelchinaguide.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• taipeitimes.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• travelking.com.tw – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• taiwanspecialistprogram.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• taiwannews.com.tw – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• taiwanoffthebeatentrack.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• wikivoyage.org – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• quora.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• taiwantoday.tw – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin
• yunlin.gov.tw – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin

• Beigang River Estuary Wetlands – 北港溪口濕地
• _____ – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin

• Caoling Scenic Area – 草嶺風景區
• _____ – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin

• Gukeng Green Tunnel – 古坑綠色隧道
• _____ – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin

• Huben Ecological Village – 湖本生態村
• _____ – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin

• Chenglong Wetlands – 成龍濕地
• _____ – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin

• Huwei Riverbank Parks & Bike Trails – 虎尾河岸公園與自行車道
• _____ – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin

• Tongxin Valley – 同心谷
• _____ – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin

• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
• scholar.google.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
• youtube.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin @ You Tube . com
• images.google.com – Natural scenic areas in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

• ENVIRONMENT – 環 境
• The environment of Yunlin County, Taiwan, is shaped by a combination of agricultural land use, river systems, coastal wetlands, and forested foothills, along with ongoing challenges from climate impacts, industrial activity, and land subsidence. Yunlin has a diverse natural environment, but it also faces some of the most pressing environmental issues in Taiwan due to its geography and human activity.
  
  🌏 Overview of Yunlin’s Environment
  📍 Geographical Features
  Western Yunlin: Low-lying coastal plains, river deltas, and wetlands.
  Central Yunlin: Heavily cultivated farmland, crisscrossed by irrigation canals.
  Eastern Yunlin: Hilly and forested foothills of the Western Foothill Belt.
  
  🌿 Natural Assets
  1. Forests and Hills
  Located in Gukeng (古坑) and Caoling (草嶺).
  Subtropical broadleaf forests with native species such as camphor, acacia, and bamboo.
  Important for:
  Watershed protection
  Biodiversity conservation
  Recreation and ecotourism
  2. Rivers and Wetlands
  Zhuoshui River (濁水溪): Taiwan’s longest river, flowing along Yunlin’s northern boundary.
  Beigang River (北港溪): Flows through Yunlin’s heartlands.
  Coastal Wetlands: Especially in Taixi (台西) and Mailiao (麥寮).
  Provide habitat for migratory birds, crabs, and fish.
  Important for biodiversity and flood mitigation.
  3. Agricultural Landscape
  Yunlin is a major food-producing region, known as Taiwan’s “granary”.
  Key crops: rice, peanuts, garlic, leafy greens, fruits, and coffee (in Gukeng).
  Features a mosaic of fields, irrigation ponds, and traditional farming villages.
  
  ⚠️ Environmental Challenges
  1. Land Subsidence (地層下陷)
  Caused by over-extraction of groundwater, especially for irrigation and aquaculture.
  Severe in western coastal townships like Taixi, Mailiao, and Yuanchang.
  Leads to:
  Flooding risk
  Infrastructure damage
  Saltwater intrusion into groundwater
  2. Air and Water Pollution
  Mailiao Industrial Complex (Formosa Plastics Group) is one of Taiwan’s largest petrochemical zones.
  Emissions and chemical discharge are a major source of air and water pollution.
  Environmental concerns from local residents and NGOs.
  Agricultural runoff and pig farming also affect river and soil quality.
  3. Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise
  Yunlin’s low-lying coastal areas are vulnerable to:
  Storm surges
  Saltwater intrusion
  Crop failure due to changing rainfall patterns
  Typhoons and heavy rains can cause river flooding and erosion.
  4. Habitat Loss
  Ongoing urbanization, industrial expansion, and land use change threaten:
  Wetlands
  Foothill forests
  Agro-ecosystems that support local biodiversity
  
  🌱 Conservation and Environmental Management
  Government and Local Initiatives:
  Wetland conservation zones (e.g., Taixi Wetland Protected Area)
  Forest replanting programs in hilly areas.
  Groundwater management zones and restrictions in high-subsidence areas.
  Community-based environmental monitoring and ecological farming promotion.
  NGOs and Academia:
  Participate in bird surveys, wetland education, and pollution reporting.
  Collaborate with farmers on eco-friendly agriculture and habitat restoration.
• wikipedia.org – Environment in the culture of Yunlin
• ylepb.gov.tw – Yunlin Environmental Protection Bureau – website (English)
• ylepb.gov.tw – Yunlin Environmental Protection Bureau – website (Chinese)

• Geography & Landscape
• _____ – Environment of Yunlin

• Agricultural Environment
• _____ – Environment of Yunlin

• Water Resources & Land Subsidence
• _____ – Environment of Yunlin

• Coastal & Marine Environment
• _____ – Environment of Yunlin

• Air Quality & Industry
• _____ – Environment of Yunlin

• Ecological & Green Initiatives
• _____ – Environment of Yunlin

• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
• scholar.google.com – Environment in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
• youtube.com – Environment in the culture of Yunlin @ You Tube . com
• images.google.com – Environment in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

• ECOLOGY – 生 態
• The ecology of Yunlin County, Taiwan, is shaped by its diverse landscapes—from coastal wetlands and estuaries to forested foothills and rich agricultural plains. Although much of the land is used for farming, Yunlin still supports a range of ecosystems that host unique biodiversity, including wetland species, forest organisms, and agro-ecological systems.
  
  🐾 Overview of Yunlin’s Ecology
  🗺️ Ecological Zones in Yunlin
  Zone
  Description
  Coastal Zone
  Mudflats, mangroves, fishponds, salt marshes; important for birds and marine life
  River Systems
  Zhuoshui River, Beigang River; riparian habitats with aquatic and amphibian species
  Foothills (East Yunlin)
  Forested hills with native vegetation and mountain biodiversity
  Agricultural Plains
  Agro-ecosystems with birds, insects, frogs, and rural biodiversity
  
  
  🌿 Key Ecosystems and Habitats
  1. Coastal Wetlands and Estuaries
  Location: Taixi (台西), Mailiao (麥寮), Kouhu (口湖)
  Habitats: Mudflats, mangrove swamps, tidal creeks, fishponds
  Ecological Importance:
  Major stopover for migratory birds (e.g., egrets, herons, black-faced spoonbills)
  Breeding ground for mudskippers, crabs, and estuarine fish
  Carbon sinks and buffer zones against sea-level rise
  2. Rivers and Irrigation Networks
  Zhuoshui River (濁水溪): Northern border; sediment-rich, dynamic ecosystem
  Beigang River (北港溪): Central Yunlin; supports rice farming and wetlands
  Ecological Functions:
  Support for freshwater fish, frogs, and dragonflies
  Important migration routes for aquatic species
  Riparian vegetation provides corridors for birds and insects
  3. Forests in the Eastern Foothills
  Location: Gukeng (古坑), Caoling (草嶺)
  Vegetation: Subtropical broadleaf forests, camphor trees, bamboo, acacia
  Wildlife:
  Formosan macaque, civets, pangolins (rare)
  Birds like the Taiwan barbet, bulbuls, and crested serpent eagle
  Forest reptiles, amphibians, and diverse insects
  4. Agro-Ecological Landscapes
  While dominated by agriculture, Yunlin’s farms also support:
  Waterbirds and amphibians in rice paddies
  Pollinators (bees, butterflies) in fruit orchards
  Egrets and herons feeding in flooded fields
  Traditional farming practices that integrate wildlife-friendly habitats
  
  🐦 Notable Species in Yunlin
  Type
  Representative Species
  Birds
  Egrets, herons, black-faced spoonbill, sandpipers
  Mammals
  Formosan macaque, masked palm civet, Chinese pangolin
  Reptiles
  Skinks, snakes, and tree lizards
  Amphibians
  Tree frogs, paddy frogs
  Fish & Crustaceans
  Mudskippers, milkfish, mullet, fiddler crabs
  Insects
  Dragonflies, butterflies, pollinator bees
  
  
  ⚠️ Ecological Threats
  Land Subsidence
  Alters wetland and river habitats
  Leads to habitat loss and saltwater intrusion
  Pollution
  Industrial discharges (e.g., from Mailiao petrochemical zone)
  Agricultural runoff (fertilizers, pesticides) into rivers and wetlands
  Habitat Fragmentation
  Expansion of farms and roads in foothills
  Loss of ecological corridors for mammals and birds
  Climate Change
  Sea-level rise threatening coastal wetlands
  Increased typhoon intensity affecting ecosystems
  
  🌱 Conservation Efforts
  ✅ Wetland Protection
  Taixi Wetland Conservation Area protects migratory bird habitats and coastal ecosystems
  Community-led programs monitor bird populations and habitat conditions
  ✅ Forest and Watershed Conservation
  Reforestation and controlled logging in Caoling and Gukeng
  Educational ecotourism promotes sustainable land use
  ✅ Eco-Agriculture
  Promotion of organic farming and reduced pesticide use
  Integration of habitat-friendly practices (e.g., keeping trees and ponds on farmland)
• https://www.swcoast-nsa.gov.tw – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• https://owf-yunlin.tw – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• https://www.fpg.taipei – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• https://www.mdpi.com – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• https://www.ylepb.gov.tw – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• https://owf-yunlin.tw – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• https://esg.hiwin.tw – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• https://www.ylepb.gov.tw – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• https://www.iges.or.jp – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• https://www.mdpi.com – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• https://design.museaward.com – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• https://betterfutureawards.com – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• springer.com – Vulnerability and ecological footprint: a comparison between urban Taipei and rural Yunlin, Taiwan @ Environmental Science and Pollution Research Journal
• nih.gov – Vulnerability and ecological footprint: a comparison between urban Taipei and rural Yunlin, Taiwan @ Environmental Science and Pollution Research Journal
• researchgate.net – Vulnerability and ecological footprint: a comparison between urban Taipei and rural Yunlin, Taiwan @ Research Gate . net
• taiwaneverything.cc – Flatland and wetlands in Yunlin @ Taiwan Everything . cc
• https://panorama.solutions – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• https://peakvisor.com – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin
• https://sdglocalization.org – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin

• Agricultural Landscape Ecology
• _____ – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin

• Coastal and Intertidal Ecosystems
• _____ – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin

• Riverine and Riparian Ecology
• _____ – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin

• Lowland Species and Biodiversity
• _____ – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin

• Wetlands and Estuarine Ecology
• _____ – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin

• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
• scholar.google.com – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
• youtube.com – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin @ You Tube . com
• images.google.com – Ecology in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

• CONSERVATION – 保 護
• Conservation efforts in Yunlin County, Taiwan, focus on protecting its unique natural habitats, managing environmental challenges, and promoting sustainable use of resources. While Yunlin is a major agricultural and industrial region, local governments, communities, and environmental groups actively work to conserve wetlands, forests, wildlife, and water resources.
  
  🌳 Overview of Conservation in Yunlin
  1. Wetland and Coastal Conservation
  Taixi Wetland Protected Area (台西濕地保護區)
  Located in Taixi Township, this area protects important mangroves, mudflats, and tidal marshes.
  It is a vital habitat for migratory birds, including endangered species like the black-faced spoonbill.
  Conservation includes habitat restoration, monitoring bird populations, and educating the public.
  Zhuoshui River Estuary
  Efforts to maintain the estuarine ecosystem against industrial and agricultural pollution.
  Community and government-led initiatives aim to reduce sedimentation and improve water quality.
  
  2. Forest and Mountain Conservation
  Caoling Forest Recreation Area (草嶺森林遊樂區)
  Managed to protect subtropical broadleaf forests and maintain ecological balance.
  Includes reforestation, trail maintenance, and visitor education programs.
  Watershed Protection
  Forested foothills in eastern Yunlin play a crucial role in preventing soil erosion and maintaining water quality.
  Conservation projects focus on sustainable forestry and controlling invasive species.
  
  3. Groundwater and Land Subsidence Management
  Due to severe land subsidence caused by groundwater over-extraction, authorities have implemented:
  Groundwater use restrictions in critical areas.
  Promotion of alternative water sources like surface water and recycled water.
  Public awareness campaigns to encourage water conservation.
  
  4. Pollution Control
  Environmental regulations target emissions from the Mailiao Industrial Complex, aiming to reduce air and water pollution.
  Agricultural practices are being improved to limit pesticide and fertilizer runoff into waterways.
  
  5. Community-Based Conservation and Ecotourism
  Local NGOs and community groups participate in:
  Birdwatching and wildlife monitoring programs.
  Educational activities in schools and villages.
  Eco-friendly tourism development, promoting natural scenic areas like Caoling and the Yunlin Green Tunnel.
  
  🌱 Key Conservation Programs & Partners
  Program/Area
  Description
  Partners
  Taixi Wetland Conservation
  Habitat protection and migratory bird monitoring
  Taiwan Wetland Society, local gov
  Caoling Forest Management
  Reforestation and eco-tourism development
  Forestry Bureau, local NGOs
  Groundwater Management Zones
  Restricting well drilling and water usage
  Water Resources Agency
  Pollution Monitoring & Control
  Industrial and agricultural pollution controls
  EPA Taiwan, Mailiao industries
  Community Ecological Education
  Awareness campaigns and citizen science
  Schools, environmental groups
  
  
  🌏 Challenges and Future Directions
  Balancing industrial development and agriculture with ecological protection.
  Expanding protected areas and improving habitat connectivity.
  Enhancing public participation and integrating traditional knowledge in conservation.
  Addressing climate change impacts such as sea-level rise and extreme weather.
• nlm.nih.gov – Preservation of farm ponds – backgrounder @ Intl Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health
• scientific.net – Preservation of farm ponds @ Journal: Progress in Environmental Science & Engineering
• iitk.ac.in – Conservation Heritage System case study of earthquake damage @ Indian Institute of Technology (India)
• taipeitimes.com – Firefly habitat in Yunlin County @ Taipei Times newspaper
• nccu.edu.tw – Preservation of endangered bird species @ Environment & Planning Journal
• fa.gov.tw – Yunlin fish conservation @ Fisheries Agency of Taiwan – website

• Wetland and River Conservation:

• Beigang River Estuary Wetlands – 北港溪口濕地
• _____ – Conservation in the culture of Yunlin

• Zhuoshui River – 濁水溪
• _____ – Conservation in the culture of Yunlin

• Agricultural Sustainability and Soil Conservation
• _____ – Conservation in the culture of Yunlin

• Land Subsidence Mitigation
• _____ – Conservation in the culture of Yunlin

• Coastal Conservation:

• Mangrove reforestation
• _____ – Conservation in the culture of Yunlin

• Dike and seawall improvements
• _____ – Conservation in the culture of Yunlin

• Protection of intertidal zones
• _____ – Conservation in the culture of Yunlin

• Monitoring of fisheries and coastal ecosystems
• _____ – Conservation in the culture of Yunlin

• Ecological Education & Community Involvement
• _____ – Conservation in the culture of Yunlin

• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
• scholar.google.com – Conservation in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
• youtube.com – Conservation in the culture of Yunlin @ You Tube . com
• images.google.com – Conservation in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

PARKS – 公 園

• Parks in Yunlin – 雲林縣的公園
• Caoling Forest Recreation Area (草嶺森林遊樂區)
  Location: Caoling Village, Gukeng Township (古坑鄉草嶺村)
  Highlights:
  Subtropical broadleaf forest with hiking trails and waterfalls.
  Popular for forest bathing, birdwatching, and nature photography.
  Facilities include picnic areas and visitor centers.
  Activities: Hiking, nature walks, eco-tourism.
  
  2. Yunlin Green Tunnel (雲林綠色隧道)
  Location: Linnei Township (林內鄉)
  Highlights:
  A scenic country road lined with large, shading trees forming a “green tunnel.”
  Ideal for cycling, walking, and experiencing rural countryside ambiance.
  Nearby weekend markets and local food stalls add to the charm.
  Activities: Biking, strolling, photography.
  
  3. Beigang Riverside Park (北港溪河濱公園)
  Location: Along Beigang River, near Beigang Township (北港鎮)
  Highlights:
  Riverside green space with walking paths, exercise areas, and playgrounds.
  Popular spot for families and community events.
  Scenic views of the river and surrounding hills.
  Activities: Walking, jogging, picnicking.
  
  4. Douliu Sports Park (斗六運動公園)
  Location: Douliu City (斗六市)
  Highlights:
  Large urban park with sports facilities including basketball courts, jogging tracks, and open green fields.
  Playground areas for children.
  Venue for local sports events and outdoor gatherings.
  Activities: Sports, exercise, family outings.
  
  5. Taixi Seaside Park (台西海濱公園)
  Location: Taixi Township (台西鄉)
  Highlights:
  Coastal park featuring mangroves, tidal flats, and birdwatching platforms.
  Opportunity to explore wetlands and observe migratory birds.
  Educational signage about local ecology and conservation.
  Activities: Birdwatching, nature walks, environmental education.
  
  6. Gukeng Coffee Cultural Park (古坑咖啡文化公園)
  Location: Gukeng Township (古坑鄉)
  Highlights:
  Combines cultural exhibits about Yunlin’s famous coffee industry with natural green spaces.
  Walking trails through coffee plantations and gardens.
  Coffee shops and artisan markets.
  Activities: Cultural tours, hiking, tasting local coffee.
• trip101.com – Janfusun Fancyworld – 劍湖山世界 @ Trip101.com
• taiwan.net.tw – Yunlin Attractions @ Republic of China Tourism Administration website
• wikipedia.org – Yunlin County @ Wikipedia . org
• tripadvisor.com – Things to do in Yunlin @ Trip Advisor . com
• tripadvisor.com – Nature & Parks in Yunlin @ Trip Advisor . com
• swcb.gov.tw – Huashan Debris Flow Educational Park @ Taiwan Soil & Water Conservation Bureau
• https://en.wikipedia.org – Janfusun Fancyworld – 劍湖山世界 @ Wikipedia . org

• Douliu Renwen Park – 斗六人文公園
• Douliu Renwen Park (斗六人文公園) is adjacent to the Douliu Night Market
• wikipedia.org – Douliu @ Wikipedia . org
• foreignersintaiwan.com – Douliu Renwen Park (斗六人文公園) @ Foreigners in Taiwan blog
• taiwanobsessed.com – Douliu Renwen Park (斗六人文公園) @ Nick Kembel’s “Taiwan Obsessed” website (Terrific site !!!)

• Huwei Sugar Factory Cultural Park – 虎尾糖廠文化園區
• https://www.taisugar.com.tw – Huwei Sugar Factory Cultural Park – 虎尾糖廠文化園區 @ Tai Sugar . com
• https://www.foreignersintaiwan.com – Huwei Sugar Factory Cultural Park – 虎尾糖廠文化園區 @ Foreigners in Taiwan blog
• https://www.taisugar.com.tw – Huwei Sugar Factory Cultural Park – 虎尾糖廠文化園區 @ Tai Sugar . com
• https://taiwantravelblog.com – Huwei Sugar Factory Cultural Park – 虎尾糖廠文化園區 @ Taiwan Travel Blog . com
• https://www.youtube.com – Huwei Sugar Factory Cultural Park – 虎尾糖廠文化園區 @ You Tube . com

• Beigang Water Cultural Park – 北港水文化園區
• https://www.moc.gov.tw – Beigang Water Cultural Park – 北港水文化園區
• https://www.foreignersintaiwan.com – Beigang Water Cultural Park – 北港水文化園區
• https://taiwantravelblog.com – Beigang Water Cultural Park – 北港水文化園區

• Chenglin Park – 成林公園
• polishgirlintaiwan.com – Chenglin Park – 成林公園 @ Polish girl in Taiwan – blog

• EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .
• scholar.google.com – Parks in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
• youtube.com – Parks in the culture of Yunlin @ You Tube . com
• images.google.com – Parks in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

RIVERS – 河 流

• Rivers in Yunlin – 雲林縣的河川
• ertainly! Here’s an overview of the rivers in Yunlin County, Taiwan, highlighting their importance for the environment, agriculture, and local communities:
  
  🌊 Major Rivers in Yunlin County
  1. Zhuoshui River (濁水溪)
  Description:
  Taiwan’s longest river, approximately 186 kilometers long.
  Forms the northern boundary of Yunlin County, separating it from Changhua County.
  Originates in the central mountains and flows westward into the Taiwan Strait.
  Importance:
  Vital for irrigation and agriculture in Yunlin’s plains.
  Supplies water to vast farming areas producing rice, vegetables, and fruits.
  Its sediment builds fertile alluvial plains but also requires flood management.
  Environmental Issues:
  Flood control challenges due to heavy rainfall and typhoons.
  Sedimentation affects river channels and wetlands downstream.
  
  2. Beigang River (北港溪)
  Description:
  Runs through the central part of Yunlin County, flowing from the eastern foothills toward the west.
  Approximately 82 kilometers long.
  Importance:
  Supports local agriculture and ecosystems along its course.
  Provides habitat for freshwater fish and amphibians.
  Used for small-scale irrigation and aquaculture.
  Features:
  Has several tributaries in the hills of eastern Yunlin.
  The riverbanks are used for recreation and local fishing.
  
  3. Other Notable Streams and Tributaries
  Yunlin has many smaller rivers and streams originating in the foothills, feeding into the Zhuoshui and Beigang rivers.
  These include:
  Gukeng River (古坑溪) — flows through Gukeng Township.
  Douliu Creek (斗六溪) — near Douliu City.
  Various minor mountain streams that contribute to local watersheds.
  
  🌱 Role of Rivers in Yunlin
  Function
  Details
  Agriculture
  Primary source for irrigation of rice paddies and crops
  Ecosystems
  Supports freshwater habitats for fish, amphibians, and birds
  Flood Control
  Requires dikes and management to protect farmland and settlements
  Recreation
  Riverside parks and fishing spots used by local communities
  
  
  ⚠️ Environmental Concerns
  Water pollution from agricultural runoff and industrial discharge, especially near Mailiao Industrial Complex.
  Altered flow patterns due to dams, levees, and water diversion affecting aquatic habitats.
  Sedimentation from upstream erosion impacting river health and wetlands.
  Flood risks intensified by typhoons and climate change.
• taiwan.net.tw – Yunlin County profile
• kiddle.co – List of rivers of Taiwan @ Kiddle Facts for Kids website
• wikipedia.org – List of rivers in Taiwan @ Wikipedia . org

• Zhuoshui River – 濁水溪

• The Zhuoshui River (濁水溪) also spelled Choshui or Jhuoshuei River, is the longest river in Taiwan with a total length of 203 km (126 mi). It flows from its source in Nantou County up to the western border of the county, subsequently forming the border between Yunlin County and Changhua County. The river serves as an unofficial boundary between the north and south of Taiwan.

• https://en.wikipedia.org – Zhuoshui River – 濁水溪 @ QWikipedia . org
• https://www.youtube.com – Zhuoshui River – 濁水溪 @ Youtube . com
• alltrails.com – Best trails near the Zhuoshui River – 濁水溪 @ All Trails . com
• https://nspp.mofa.gov.tw – The Zhuoshui River: Mother of Taiwan’s Agriculture and Industry @ MInistry of Foreign Affairs Southbound Policy portal
• https://www.worldatlas.com – Zhuoshui River – 濁水溪 @ Longest Rivers in Taiwan

• Beigang River – 北港溪
• https://en.wikipedia.org – Beigang River – 北港溪 @ Wikipedia . org
• https://www.wra.gov.tw – Beigang River – 北港溪
• https://www.ylepb.gov.tw – Beigang River – 北港溪
• https://www.foreignersintaiwan.com – Beigang River – 北港溪
• https://www.youtube.com – Beigang River – 北港溪

• Huwei River – 虎尾溪
• https://www.foreignersintaiwan.com – Huwei River – 虎尾溪
• https://otherlands.studio – Huwei River – 虎尾溪
• https://www.youtube.com– Huwei River – 虎尾溪

EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

• scholar.google.com – Rivers in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Scholar
• youtube.com – Rivers in the culture of Yunlin @ You Tube . com
• images.google.com – Rivers in the culture of Yunlin @ Google Images

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