KAOHSIUNG – LANGAGE & PEOPLES

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台灣 / 高雄市

語言 及 人物

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Location of the Island of Taiwan in East Asia
( ontheworldmap.com )

The Island of Taiwan
& Penghu, Kinmen & Matsu Islands
Also shown are:
Green Island ( Lu Dao ) & Orchid Island ( Lan Yu )
( cia.gov )

Location of Kaohsiung on the Island of Taiwan
( wikipedia.org )

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for KAOHSIUNG – LANGUAGE & PEOPLES

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in the following categories :

LANGUAGE – 語言

Links to culture of languages & peoples of Kaohsiung

* * * * *

KAOHSIUNG

台灣 / 高雄市

LANGUAGE & PEOPLES

語言 及 人物

* * * * *

LANGUAGE – 語 言

THE MOST COMMONLY USED
LANGUAGE in the HOME – 2010
Blue: Mandarin Green: Hokkien
HOT PINK: Hakka
BURGUNDY: Austronesian Langauges
( wikipedia.org )

Families of Formosan languages
prior to colonization by the Chinese
in the 1600’s
( wikipedia.org )

% of RESIDENTS USING an INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE in the HOUSEHOLD.- 2010
( wikipedia.org )

AREAS where HAKKA is the
STATUTORY REGIONAL LANGUAGE
( “HAKKA BASIC ACT” )
( wikipedia.org )
Recent research into language evolution suggests most Pacific populations originated in Taiwan around 5,200 years ago ( sciencedaily.com )
The languages of the “Austronesian People” show common links
stretching from Taiwan to Africa & to the eastern Pacific
( wikipedia.org )

  • Languages Spoken in Kaohsiung
  • 高雄市文化中語言的角色
  • Languages of Kaohsiung, Taiwan (高雄市)
    Kaohsiung is one of Taiwan’s most linguistically diverse cities. Its language landscape reflects several centuries of migration: Indigenous Austronesian peoples, Southern Fujian (Hoklo) settlers, Hakka communities, Japanese colonial influence, and post-1949 Mandarin-speaking migrants. Today, most residents use Mandarin Chinese in public life, but Taiwanese Hokkien (臺語 / Taigi) remains deeply rooted in everyday culture, while Hakka and Indigenous languages continue to be preserved and revitalized.

    1. Mandarin Chinese (國語 / 華語) — the common language
    Mandarin is the dominant language of education, government, business, media, and communication throughout Kaohsiung.
    Used in schools and universities
    Main language of government services
    Common language among younger generations
    Used as a bridge language between different ethnic groups
    Many Kaohsiung residents are bilingual or multilingual, speaking Mandarin plus another local language such as Taiwanese Hokkien or Hakka.

    2. Taiwanese Hokkien (臺語 / 台語 / Taigi) — the traditional language of southern Taiwan
    Kaohsiung City is located in a region where Taiwanese Hokkien (Southern Min / Minnan) has historically been the strongest local language.
    Historical background
    Large numbers of settlers from southern Fujian (福建) arrived during the Qing dynasty.
    Hokkien became the everyday language of farming villages, fishing communities, markets, and temples.
    It remains especially important among older generations.
    Where you hear it:
    Traditional markets
    Temples and religious festivals
    Family conversations
    Older neighborhoods
    Folk performances and Taiwanese opera
    Common Kaohsiung Hokkien expressions are very similar to those heard in nearby Tainan and Pingtung.

    3. Hakka (客家話) — an important minority language
    Kaohsiung has one of southern Taiwan’s most significant Hakka communities.
    The most famous Hakka cultural area is:
    Meinong District (美濃區)
    Meinong is internationally known for:
    Hakka traditions
    Hakka architecture
    Paper umbrellas (油紙傘)
    Hakka cuisine
    Hakka festivals
    The main Hakka varieties spoken in Kaohsiung include:
    Sixian Hakka (四縣腔) — very common in southern Taiwan
    Hailu Hakka (海陸腔) — also present among some families
    Kaohsiung’s Hakka population has historical connections with:
    The Liudui (六堆) Hakka communities of Pingtung
    Migrants from Miaoli, Hsinchu, Taoyuan, and other Hakka regions
    The Kaohsiung City Government has supported Hakka language education and cultural preservation programs.

    4. Indigenous languages of Kaohsiung
    Kaohsiung includes mountainous districts where Indigenous peoples have lived for centuries. Their languages belong to the Austronesian language family, which is completely different from Chinese languages.
    Important Indigenous communities include:
    Bunun (布農族)
    Found in mountain areas of southern Taiwan
    Known for complex traditional singing, including the famous Pasibutbut polyphonic style
    Bunun language
    Austronesian language
    Several dialect areas exist

    Rukai (魯凱族)
    Communities are found near the southern mountains, especially around the Kaohsiung–Pingtung border.
    The Rukai language is known for:
    Rich oral traditions
    Ancient legends
    Traditional songs and ceremonies

    Paiwan (排灣族)
    Although many Paiwan communities are centered in Pingtung County, Kaohsiung has connections with Paiwan-speaking communities.
    Paiwan is one of Taiwan’s largest Indigenous languages and remains culturally important.

    Kanakanavu (卡那卡那富族)
    Kaohsiung is especially important for the Kanakanavu people, one of Taiwan’s officially recognized Indigenous groups.
    Traditional homeland: Namasia District (那瑪夏區), Kaohsiung
    Language: Kanakanavu (卡那卡那富語)
    One of Taiwan’s most endangered Indigenous languages

    5. Japanese (日本語) — historical influence
    During the Japanese colonial period (1895–1945), Japanese became widely used in government, schools, and public administration.
    Today:
    Few people use Japanese as a daily language
    Some older residents learned Japanese in childhood
    Japanese loanwords remain in Taiwanese Hokkien and Mandarin
    Examples:
    便當 (bento) — lunch box
    歐吉桑 (ojisan) — uncle/older man
    運將 (unjō, from 運転手) — taxi driver (Taiwanese usage)

    6. English and other international languages
    Because Kaohsiung is:
    Taiwan’s largest port city
    An industrial center
    A university city
    A tourism destination
    English is increasingly visible in:
    Hotels
    Transportation
    Universities
    Tourism services
    International companies
    Other immigrant languages are also present, including:
    Vietnamese
    Indonesian
    Thai
    Filipino languages
    These reflect Taiwan’s growing Southeast Asian communities.

    Language Map of Kaohsiung (simplified)
    Area
    Common Languages
    Central Kaohsiung (harbor, downtown)
    Mandarin + Taiwanese Hokkien
    Older neighborhoods
    Taiwanese Hokkien + Mandarin
    Meinong
    Hakka + Mandarin
    Mountain districts
    Indigenous languages + Mandarin
    Universities/business areas
    Mandarin + English
    Immigrant communities
    Southeast Asian languages

    Language Preservation in Kaohsiung
    Kaohsiung has active programs supporting:
    Hakka language education
    Indigenous language classes
    Local cultural museums
    Bilingual signage
    Traditional arts and festivals
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien?utm
  • https://cmn-hant.overseas.ncnu.edu.tw/en/further-study-area/summary-of-indonesia/languages-spoken-in-taiwan/?utm
  • https://chakcg.kcg.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=0DB360DADE0C52E4&utm
  • https://chakcg.kcg.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=86BFB0CD0E5DCB68&utm
  • https://chakcg.kcg.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=569E9DF104EEACBB&utm
  • https://tcmb.culture.tw/zh-tw/subject/4866?utm=
  • https://taiwan.md/en/culture/linguistic-diversity-and-mother-tongue-culture/?utm
  • https://chakcg.kcg.gov.tw/en/Content_List.aspx?n=2C1BBD58BAF61D87&utm
  • https://chakcg.kcg.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=8AF4CFCEDE8FA5F1&utm
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Taiwanese?utm
  • https://english.hakka.gov.tw/Content/Content?LanguageType=ENG&NodeID=676&PageID=40022&utm
  • https://chakcg.kcg.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=569E9DF104EEACBB&utm

  • wikipedia.org – Languages in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • wikipedia.org – Languages in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • kecc.com.tw – Languages in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder

  • worldatlas.com – Languages in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • anl.com.tw – Languages in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • languagerush.com – Languages in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder

  • kcg.gov.tw – Languages in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • ethnologue.com – Languages in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • nikkei.com – Languages in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder

  • meetup.com – Languages in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • quora.com – Languages in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder

  • EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

  • scholar.google.com – Languages in the culture of Kaohsiung – 高雄市文化中語言的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Languages in the culture of Kaohsiung – 高雄市文化中語言的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Languages in the culture of Kaohsiung – 高雄市文化中語言的角色 @ Google Images

PEOPLES – 人 物

Rain-praying festival of the Rukai People

  • People Groups of Kaohsiung
  • 高雄市文化中人物的角色
  • Hoklo (Hokkien / Minnan) people (閩南人) — the historic majority population of southern Taiwan, especially influential in coastal Kaohsiung, fishing villages, temples, markets, and traditional festivals.
  • Hakka people (客家人) — especially important in Meinong (美濃) and the broader Liudui (六堆) cultural region. Their agricultural traditions, architecture, cuisine, and language remain strong. Indigenous peoples (原住民族) — especially Bunun (布農族), Kanakanavu (卡那卡那富族), Rukai (魯凱族), and Paiwan (排灣族) communities in the mountainous districts of eastern Kaohsiung.
  • Mainland Chinese migrants (外省人) — families who arrived after 1949 and contributed greatly to military, government, education, and urban development.
  • New immigrant communities (新住民) — including people with roots in Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, and other Southeast Asian countries. International residents — connected with Kaohsiung’s port, universities, shipping, technology, and business sectors.
  • https://www.tacp.gov.tw/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lang=zh-TW
  • https://www.nmth.gov.tw/en/?utm
  • https://chakcg.kcg.gov.tw/en/?utm

  • wikipedia.org – People groups in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • wikipedia.org – People groups in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • meetup.com – People groups in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder

  • EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

  • scholar.google.com – People groups in the culture of Kaohsiung – 高雄市文化中人物的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – People groups in the culture of Kaohsiung – 高雄市文化中人物的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – People groups in the culture of Kaohsiung – 高雄市文化中人物的角色 @ Google Images

ETHNIC MINORITIES – 少 數 民 族

Present-day distribution of the
“recognized” Tribes of Indigenous Peoples
on the Island of Taiwan & Orchid Island ( 蘭嶼 )
( cip.gov.gw )

  • Ethnic Minorities in Kaohsiung
  • 高雄市文化中少數民族的角色
  • Ethnic Minorities in Kaohsiung, Taiwan (高雄市)
    Kaohsiung is one of Taiwan’s most ethnically diverse cities. Although the majority of residents are Han Chinese (primarily Hoklo and Hakka), the city is home to significant Indigenous communities, Hakka populations, and newer immigrant communities from Southeast Asia and elsewhere. These groups contribute to Kaohsiung’s rich cultural heritage through their languages, traditions, festivals, cuisine, and arts.

    Indigenous Peoples (原住民族)
    Kaohsiung’s eastern mountainous districts are part of the traditional homelands of several of Taiwan’s Indigenous peoples. These communities belong to the Austronesian language family, whose ancestors inhabited Taiwan thousands of years before Han Chinese settlement.
    Bunun (布農族)
    Bunun people
    The Bunun are one of the largest Indigenous groups in Taiwan. In Kaohsiung, they are concentrated primarily in the mountain districts.
    Known for:
    Polyphonic choral singing, especially the Pasibutbut prayer for a successful millet harvest
    Skilled hunting traditions
    Millet agriculture
    Rich oral traditions and legends
    Distinctive weaving and textiles
    Today, many Bunun communities actively preserve their language and traditional ceremonies while participating in modern Taiwanese society.

    Rukai (魯凱族)
    Rukai people
    The Rukai traditionally inhabit the mountains along the Kaohsiung–Pingtung border.
    Their culture is noted for:
    Elaborate slate architecture
    Lily motifs symbolizing honor and nobility
    Fine beadwork and embroidery
    Traditional dance and music
    Strong clan traditions
    The Rukai language remains an important part of community identity despite challenges faced by many Indigenous languages.

    Paiwan (排灣族)
    Paiwan people
    Although the largest Paiwan communities are located in neighboring Pingtung County, Kaohsiung also has Paiwan residents.
    The Paiwan are famous for:
    Aristocratic social traditions
    Intricate wood carving
    Bronze and glass bead craftsmanship
    Snake symbolism in art
    Vibrant ceremonial dress
    Many Paiwan artists from southern Taiwan have achieved national and international recognition.

    Kanakanavu (卡那卡那富族)
    Kanakanavu people
    Kaohsiung is especially significant because it contains the traditional homeland of the Kanakanavu people in Namasia District.
    Characteristics include:
    Small population
    Highly endangered language
    Strong efforts at language revitalization
    Traditional agricultural knowledge
    Oral storytelling traditions
    Government and community organizations now work together to preserve Kanakanavu culture for future generations.

    Hakka (客家人)
    Hakka people
    Although the Hakka are part of the broader Han Chinese population, they have a distinct cultural identity.
    Kaohsiung’s most famous Hakka community is:
    Meinong District (美濃區)
    The Hakka are known for:
    Rice farming
    Tobacco cultivation (historically)
    Blue-dyed textiles
    Oil-paper umbrellas
    Hakka cuisine
    Traditional music and mountain songs (山歌)
    Meinong remains one of Taiwan’s best-preserved Hakka cultural centers.

    New Immigrant Communities (新住民)
    Beginning in the late twentieth century, Kaohsiung welcomed immigrants from many countries, especially through marriage, education, and employment.
    Major communities include people from:
    Vietnam
    Indonesia
    Thailand
    Philippines
    Cambodia
    Myanmar
    Many work in:
    Manufacturing
    Healthcare
    Domestic care
    Fishing
    Shipping
    Service industries
    Today, these communities enrich Kaohsiung through:
    Restaurants
    Grocery stores
    Cultural festivals
    Language schools
    Religious organizations
    Their children are helping create an increasingly multicultural Taiwan.

    Foreign Residents
    As Taiwan’s largest port city and a major industrial center, Kaohsiung also has residents from:
    Japan
    South Korea
    Europe
    North America
    Australia
    India
    Many are employed in:
    International trade
    Shipping
    Petrochemicals
    Universities
    Technology
    Renewable energy
  • Ethnic diversity is reflected in Kaohsiung’s religious life.
    Residents practice:
    Buddhism
    Taoism
    Taiwanese folk religion
    Christianity
    Catholicism
    Islam
    Indigenous traditional beliefs
    Many cultural festivals combine religious observances with community celebrations.
  • Each ethnic community has contributed to Kaohsiung’s identity.
    Community
    Notable Contributions
    Hoklo
    Temple festivals, Taiwanese Hokkien language, seafood cuisine, traditional opera
    Hakka
    Farming traditions, music, architecture, paper umbrellas, cuisine
    Bunun
    Choral music, hunting traditions, weaving
    Rukai
    Slate houses, beadwork, embroidery
    Paiwan
    Wood carving, ceremonial dress, glass beads
    Kanakanavu
    Austronesian language, oral traditions
    Southeast Asian immigrants
    Cuisine, languages, festivals, multicultural education
  • Kaohsiung actively promotes multiculturalism through:
    Indigenous cultural centers
    Hakka cultural parks
    Language revitalization programs
    Indigenous education
    New immigrant family resource centers
    Multilingual public services
    Cultural festivals and exhibitions
  • While exact percentages change over time, Kaohsiung’s population is broadly composed of:
    Han Chinese (Hoklo majority) — the largest population group
    Hakka — an important historic minority, especially in Meinong and surrounding districts
    Indigenous peoples — among the largest urban Indigenous populations in Taiwan, with communities from Bunun, Rukai, Paiwan, Kanakanavu, and other tribes
    New immigrants and foreign residents — a growing and increasingly visible part of the city’s multicultural character
  • Kaohsiung provides an excellent example of how Indigenous Austronesian heritage, Hakka traditions, Hoklo culture, and newer immigrant communities coexist in one modern metropolis. This diversity makes it one of the best places in Taiwan to explore the country’s multicultural identity.
  • https://chakcg.kcg.gov.tw/en/?utm
  • https://www.nmth.gov.tw/en/?utm
  • https://www.tacp.gov.tw/?utm&lang=zh-TW

  • wikipedia.org –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • wikipedia.org –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • worldpopulationreview.com –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung -backgrounder

  • biomedcentral.com –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • waseda.jp –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • nlm.nih.gov –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder

  • ey.gov.tw –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • cia.gov –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • kyu.edu.tw –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder

  • lifeoftaiwan.com –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • kcg.gov.tw –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • wiley.com –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder

  • lse.ac.uk –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • tandfonline.com –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder

  • tandfonline.com –  Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • worldatlas.com – Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung

  • EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

  • scholar.google.com – Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – 高雄市文化中少數民族的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – 高雄市文化中少數民族的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Ethnic minorities in the culture of Kaohsiung – 高雄市文化中少數民族的角色 @ Google Images

DEMOGRAPHICS – 人 口 分 布

Demographics of Taiwan
( tradingeconomics.com )

Residents per square km.
( wikiwand.com )

Population pramid for Taiwan in 2014 showing numbear ofd male and female inhabitants per year of age
( wikiwand.com )

  • Demographics of Kaohsiung
  • 高雄市文化中人口分布的角色
  • Demographics of Kaohsiung, Taiwan (高雄市)
    Kaohsiung is Taiwan’s third-most populous municipality and the largest city in southern Taiwan. It is the country’s principal international port and one of its major industrial, commercial, educational, and cultural centers. Since the 2010 merger of Kaohsiung City and Kaohsiung County, the municipality has included both densely populated urban districts and extensive rural and mountainous areas, making it one of Taiwan’s most geographically and culturally diverse cities.

    Population
    Kaohsiung’s resident population is approximately 2.7 million people, representing about 11% of Taiwan’s total population. While it remains one of Taiwan’s largest cities, its population has gradually declined in recent years, reflecting nationwide trends of low birth rates, an aging population, and migration of some younger residents to other metropolitan areas.

    Population Density
    Kaohsiung covers nearly 3,000 square kilometers (about 1,150 square miles), making it Taiwan’s largest special municipality by land area.
    Population density varies considerably:
    Urban districts such as Lingya, Sanmin, Qianzhen, and Zuoying are densely populated.
    Suburban districts have moderate population densities.
    Mountain districts such as Namasia, Taoyuan, and Maolin have relatively small populations spread over large areas.

    Age Structure
    Like much of Taiwan, Kaohsiung has an aging population.
    General trends include:
    A declining proportion of children.
    A shrinking working-age population.
    A steadily growing population aged 65 and older.
    Increasing demand for healthcare and senior services.
    These demographic shifts are similar to those occurring throughout Taiwan.

    Gender Distribution
    The gender balance is relatively even, with women slightly outnumbering men, particularly among older age groups due to longer life expectancy.

    Ethnic Composition
    Kaohsiung is ethnically diverse.
    Approximate composition includes:
    Population Group
    Characteristics
    Hoklo (Taiwanese Minnan)
    Largest ethnic group; predominant in urban and coastal districts
    Hakka
    Significant community, especially in Meinong and neighboring districts
    Indigenous Peoples
    Including Bunun, Rukai, Paiwan, Kanakanavu, and others in mountain districts
    Post-1949 Mainland Chinese families
    Present throughout the city, particularly in older military-dependent neighborhoods
    New Immigrants
    Growing communities from Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, and elsewhere

    Indigenous Population
    Kaohsiung has one of Taiwan’s largest Indigenous populations.
    Major Indigenous peoples include:
    Bunun people
    Rukai people
    Paiwan people
    Kanakanavu people
    Many Indigenous residents continue to live in traditional mountain communities, while others have moved to urban districts for education and employment.

    Urban and Rural Population
    One distinctive feature of Kaohsiung is its combination of metropolitan and rural landscapes.
    Urban Areas
    The city’s urban core includes:
    Financial districts
    Universities
    Manufacturing centers
    Shopping districts
    Taiwan’s largest commercial port
    Rural and Mountain Areas
    Eastern districts include:
    Forests
    Indigenous villages
    Agricultural communities
    Tea and fruit farms
    National scenic areas
    This urban-rural diversity is unusual among Taiwan’s major cities.

    Education
    Kaohsiung has a highly educated population supported by numerous colleges and universities.
    Major fields include:
    Engineering
    Marine sciences
    Medicine
    Business
    Information technology
    Environmental sciences
    The city serves as the educational hub of southern Taiwan.

    Employment
    Major employment sectors include:
    Shipping and logistics
    International trade
    Heavy industry
    Steel production
    Petrochemicals
    Shipbuilding
    Manufacturing
    Healthcare
    Tourism
    Higher education
    Technology and semiconductor-related industries
    In recent years, Kaohsiung has worked to diversify its economy by expanding into green energy, digital technology, and advanced manufacturing.

    Languages Spoken
    The multilingual nature of Kaohsiung reflects its population.
    Common languages include:
    Mandarin Chinese
    Taiwanese Hokkien (Taigi)
    Hakka
    Indigenous Austronesian languages
    English (in education, tourism, and international business)
    Vietnamese, Indonesian, Thai, and Filipino languages within immigrant communities

    Religion
    Most residents participate in one or more of Taiwan’s traditional religious traditions.
    Common religions include:
    Buddhism
    Taoism
    Taiwanese folk religion
    Christianity
    Catholicism
    Indigenous traditional beliefs
    Islam (primarily among immigrant communities)
    Temples remain important centers of neighborhood life and community festivals.

    Population Trends
    Several long-term trends are shaping Kaohsiung’s future:
    Aging population with increasing life expectancy.
    Lower birth rates, consistent with national patterns.
    Urban renewal, especially around the harbor waterfront.
    Growth in international residents and new immigrants.
    Economic transition from heavy industry toward technology, logistics, renewable energy, and cultural tourism.
  • https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=3602&s=235805&utm
  • https://data.gov.tw/en/datasets/155837?utm
  • https://data.gov.tw/en/datasets/127020?utm
  • https://data.nat.gov.tw/dataset/47058?utm
  • https://data.gov.tw/en/datasets/20710?utm
  • https://jiading-house.kcg.gov.tw/News.aspx?n=A3EA3200849474D0&sms=6B58D1CF66C37CC7&utm
  • https://data.gov.tw/en/datasets/155848?utm
  • https://data.gov.tw/en/datasets/173509?utm
  • https://jiading-house.kcg.gov.tw/News.aspx?n=429BE0C8129A2CDB&sms=4F59948719ADB523&utm
  • https://data.gov.tw/en/datasets/18504?utm
  • https://data.gov.tw/en/datasets/155837?utm
  • https://lyhr-house.kcg.gov.tw/News.aspx?n=2B332AEDBCE86AAA&sms=47DDC2C5C9DF228A&utm
  • https://fongshan-house.kcg.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=73DDD38D029602AB&s=7A9F6D6B4F41B685&sms=44B423223104B57C&utm

  • indexmundi.com – Demographics in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • kcg.gov.tw – Demographics in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • population.city – Demographics in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder

  • wikipedia.org – Demographics in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • taiwannews.com.tw – Demographics in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder

  • kas.tw – Demographics in the culture of Kaohsiung – backgrounder
  • kcg.gov.tw – Demographics in the culture of Kaohsiung

  • EASY SEARCH FOR MORE LINKS ! . . . . .

  • scholar.google.com – Demographics in the culture of Kaohsiung – 高雄市文化中人口分布的角色 @ Google Scholar
  • youtube.com – Demographics in the culture of Kaohsiung – 高雄市文化中人口分布的角色 @ YouTube . com
  • images.google.com – Demographics in the culture of Kaohsiung – 高雄市文化中人口分布的角色 @ Google Images

* * * * *

Click here for the Kaohsiung Home Page

Click here for links to Culture of Kaohsiung

Click here for links to Business in Kaohsiung

Click here for links to Travel in Kaohsiung

Click here for links to Environment & Nature of Kaohsiung

For links to Languages & Peoples of Kaohsiung . . . . .

. . . . . please scroll up through this page

* * * * *

NOTE : This site contains links to our ”favorite” and “most useful” websites . . . but the CloudBridge Project does not endorse or guarantee any of the products or services available through the links on the pages of this website.

本站包含了我們的 “最愛” 以及 “最有用” 的網站連結，但雲橋語文計劃並不保證其連結的有效性或對其背書.

Welcome to send us an email with your thoughts or comments:

欢迎用电子邮件的方式分享您的意见和建议:

Email: CloudBridgeTaiwan@gmail . com

LATEST PAGE UPDATE: May 25 , 2026


最後一次更新時間為:  2026 / 05 / 26

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版權所有 ©2021 雲橋語文計劃. 保留所有權利.